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This thesis addresses the theory and implementation aspects of iteratively decodable codes. Iteratively decodable codes include, in particular, Gallager's regular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, Tanner's generalized LDPC (GLDPC) codes, turbo codes due to Berrou et. al. and expander codes. In common, these codes have sparse parity-check matrices, a very particular graph representation and
Jordan has seen a large increase in population during the past five decades as a result of population growth and forced migrations, and also, accompanied with this increase, a cultural and economical development that has improved the standard of living and changing consumer habits in the community, resulting in a clear increase in the volume of waste. These changes urges the need for finding prope
There exist major challenges in accelerating the spatial data infrastructure (SDI) planning process in the developing countries as well as advocating for politicians to support the development of SDI, due to the high complexity of SDI, lack of knowledge and experience, and limited insight in the benefits. To address these challenges, a methodology for SDI planning in Tanzania, based on the system
Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for the identification of nodal occult metastases (OM), not detected by routine histological examination, has been proposed for improved staging, prognostication and decision of adjuvant treatment in surgically treated primary lung cancer. In a prospective study, we analysed 178 cases of primary lung cancer stage I-III (N0-N1) for OM by immunostaining lymph node
For the very first time we present 3D simulations of planets embedded in stellar irradiated discs. It is well known that thermal effects could reverse the direction of planetary migration from inwards to outwards, potentially saving planets in the inner, optically thick parts of the protoplanetary disc. When considering stellar irradiation in addition to viscous friction as a source of heating, th
In this work we investigated the ability of a series of amino acids to act as cloud condensation nuclei using a static thermal gradient diffusion type cloud condensation nucleus counter. Particles of pure dry l-glycine, glycyl-glycine, l-serine, l-methionine, l-glutamic acid, l-aspartic acid, and l-tyrosine were studied as well as internally mixed dry particles containing ammonium sulfate and one
Homogeneous large-area graphene monolayers were successfully prepared ex situ on 6H-SiC(0001). The samples have been studied systematically and the results are compared with those from a sample cut from the same wafer and prepared by in situ heating. The formation of smaller graphene flakes was found on the in situ prepared sample, which is in line with earlier observations. Distinctly different r
In this paper we present a model of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and fluxes in mire water based on the convection-dispersion equation. The dynamics of sorbed, potentially soluble organic carbon (SPSOC) in the peat matrix are simulated in parallel with DOC. First, the model is applied solely to stagnant water conditions in order to interpret the results of laboratory peat incub
Adaptive reservation is a real-time scheduling technique in which each application is associated a fraction of the computational resource (a reservation) that can be dynamically adapted to the varying requirements of the application by using appropriate feedback control algorithms. An adaptive reservation is typically implemented by using an aperiodic server (e.g. sporadic server) algorithm with f
Three methanogenic biofilm bioreactors were studied to evaluate the performance of three types of carriers. The carrier material were consisted of sisal fibre waste, pumice stone and porous glass beads, and the bioprocess evaluated was the methanogenesis anaerobic digestion of sisal leaf waste leachate. Process performance was investigated by increasing the organic loading rate (OLR) step-wise. Th
Genom denna kvalitativa studie undersöks dansstuderandes behov av musikundervisning vid högre dansutbildningar. Studiens empiri är främst baserad på intervjuer med fyra informanter med lång tids yrkeserfarenheter av dans inom olika områden. Genom informanternas uttalan-den om dans och musik bearbetas frågeställningen om rytmik som musikpedagogisk metod kan varaen hjälp för danselever att närma sigTitle: Eurhythmics at professionaldance educations. A study based on four persons' experiences of eurhythmics and music education at professional dance educations. This qualitative study examines dance students' needs for music education at professional dance educations. The study's empirical work is based primarily on interviews with four informants with longterm professional experie
Utveckling och testning av reaktorer för katalysmätningar Katalysatorer är oumbärliga i såväl livsprocesser som industriella tillämpningar. Bilismen är ett exempel där katalysatorer används vid såväl bränsletillverkning som avgasrening. Men detta är långt ifrån det enda användningsområdet. Katalysatorer är också delaktiga i tillverkningen av uppemot 90% av alla kemikalier. Industriella katalysaIn this project four reactors for studies of heterogeneous catalysis have been developed. They were tested using case studies, especially concerning methane oxidation over palladium. The test measurements showed that the reactors work or would work very well after slight modifications. The first reactor allowed for activity measurement using mass spectrometry for temperatures up to at least 1000°C
The aim of this study was to examine if social workers use any strategies when communicating to young involuntary clients. Our study was based on six interviews with social workers who work with young adults in social services. We wanted to find out what kind of strategies or methods social workers use in their contact with resistant clients and what difficulties they experience when communicatin
The Latin American music genre reggaetón has since its very recent emergence gained massive audiences, and is today widely listened to all across the region. The song lyrics have, however, received criticism for allegedly reinforcing stereotypical gender roles built on machismo and sexist values, partly because of the majority of reggaetón producers and performers being men. This thesis aims to ex
I dagens samhälle används geografiska analyser i stor uträckning som verktyg för att hjälpa till vid beslutsfattning. Det är viktigt att sådana geografiska analyser håller en god kvalitet för att resultatet ska kunna representera verkliga förhållanden. Kvalitetsgranskning av geografiska data är vanligt och flera standarder har tagits fram som beskriver hur geografiska data ska insamlas och kvaliteGeographical analysis is increasingly used in decision making processess. It is therefore very important that such analysis is performed with a satisfying quality, so that the results can be used as a representative model of reality. Quality descriptions of spatial data are common and several standards have been developed that describes how spatial data should be gathered and quality assured. Less
BACKGROUND: Biopsies are routinely obtained in the workup of large colorectal polyps before endoscopic resection. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine how reliable biopsies are in terms of reflecting the true histopathology of large colorectal polyps, in the clinical routine. DESIGN: This is a retrospective study. SETTINGS: Data from patients undergoing polypectomy of large colorectal polyps at
During the last few years, there has been an increased number of overcrowded apartments, due to increased migration but also housing shortage in general, particularly in the suburbs to major cities. The question is how the indoor environment in these apartments is affected by the high number of persons and how the problems related to high residential density can be overcome. This paper aims to spe
Purpose – As climate change shocks and stresses increasingly affect urban areas in developingcountries, resilience is imperative for the purposes of preparation, recovery and adaptation. This study aims to investigate demographic characteristics and social networks that influence the household capacity to prepare, recover and adapt when faced with prolonged droughts or erratic rainfall events in M
