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A 1D imaging soft X-ray spectrometer installed on the small quantum systems (SQS) scientific instrument of the European XFEL is described. It uses movable cylindrical constant-line-spacing gratings in the Rowland configuration for energy dispersion in the vertical plane, and Wolter optics for simultaneous 1D imaging of the source in the horizontal plane. The soft X-ray fluorescence spectro-imaging
The world is suffering from increasing weather extremes caused by climate change of which the building sector is a major contributor. There is however a large reduction potential in the sector and circular economy has received increased attention both within research and practice. This study explores circular futures within the building sector through the futures studies method of backcasting. Two
This article provides a new argument and a new value-theoretical ground for person-centered care and shared decision making that ascribes to it the role of enabling rational choice in situations involving clinical choice. Rather than referring to good health outcomes and/or ethical grounds such as patient autonomy, it argues that a plausible justification and ground for person-centered care and sh
The main objective of this paper is to develop a readiness index model that can serve as an analytical tool for exploring the achievements of the electrification of transportation systems. We have applied this readiness index model to evaluate the readiness positioning of China, Norway, and Sweden towards transportation electrification. We have chosen these three countries as they represent divers
Hydropower is one of the most promising sources of renewable energy. However, a substantial initial investment requires for the construction of large civil structures. Feasibility study, detailed project report preparation, construction planning, and timely execution of work are the important activities of a hydropower plant. Energy generation in hydropower plants are mainly depends on discharge a
Charged particle reconstruction in the presence of many simultaneous proton–proton (pp) collisions in the LHC is a challenging task for the ATLAS experiment’s reconstruction software due to the combinatorial complexity. This paper describes the major changes made to adapt the software to reconstruct high-activity collisions with an average of 50 or more simultaneous pp interactions per bunch cross
The challenge of urbanisation, caused by an increase in city population, is increasing demand for imported food products. Food supplies may be impacted by the exponential increase in food demand caused by a constantly expanding global population. Growing and producing food in urban areas has now become a common practice. Addressing food system challenges through the adoption of urban farms on gree
The Events Research Programme (ERP) was a multi-disciplinary study undertaken during the COVID-19 pandemic to investigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission risks and mitigations around the reopening of mass events in the UK in 2021 – including a behavioural study, exploring how non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as social distancing, pre-event virus testing, and the use of face coverings might en
The bone marrow (BM) niche is a complex cellular, molecular, and physical microenvironment capable of homing and supporting hematopoiesis. It is characterized by its ability both maintain and to drive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) self-renewal and differentiation which ultimately generate all blood cell types. However, how the niche elements interact in a human context remains la
As a research domain, the smart city keeps growing, despite the remaining contradictions and ambiguity related to its conceptual aspects. We propose to dig deeper into the complex socio-technical nature of the smart city and examine the concept through the lens of different public governance paradigms, therefore aligning it with the sustainability outcomes. Embracing interrelated dimensions of hum
We present a method that allows enabling matrix element corrections (MECs) in Pythia8 with MC@NLO matching, without incurring double counting. MECs are an interesting feature that may contribute to the accuracy of theoretical predictions, alongside matching and merging. We directly compare our method to a specific choice of settings in Pythia8, which can remove double-counting for MECs in certain
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a marine toxin responsible for many intoxications around the world. Its presence in some pufferfish species and, as recently reported, in shellfish, poses a serious health concern. Although TTX is not routinely monitored, there is a need for fast, sensitive, reliable, and simple methods for its detection and quantification. In this work, we describe the use of an automated pa
Objective: Emerging research suggests that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with intestinal dysbiosis. This prospective pilot study evaluates changes in intestinal microbial composition in patients with RA initiating treatment with either methotrexate (MTX) or a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi). Methods: Consecutive patients, fulfilling the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR
Ethylene is one of the most important products in the emissions-intensive petrochemical industry. Decarbonizing the ethylene industry is thus important for achieving global carbon neutrality. This study is the first to explore future long-term zero-emissions production pathways for the ethylene industry in China, the world's biggest ethylene producer. An optimization model was built in the context
In this Perspective, we discuss thermal imbalance and the associated electron-mediated thermal transport in quantum electronic devices at very low temperatures. We first present the theoretical approaches describing heat transport in nanoscale conductors at low temperatures, in which quantum confinement and interactions play an important role. We then discuss the experimental techniques for genera
In this paper, a factor-augmented version of the New Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC) is assessed using a data set comprised of a large panel of European Union (EU) member countries. The factor-augmentation is natural given that country-level inflation rates are highly co-moving. The presence of unattended common factors is important because it raises the issue of omitted variables bias, as the rea
The introduction of autonomous machines (AMs) in human domains has raised challenging questions about the attribution of responsibility; referred to as the responsibility gap. In this paper, we address the gap by arguing that entities should not be granted the freedom of action unless they can also recognise the same right for others—and be subject to blame or punishment in cases of undermining th
Microbial, algal, plant and animal cells have been immobilized, with preserved viability, by entrapment in various matrices according to a new bead polymerization technique. The cell polymer/monomer mixture is kept suspended in a hydrophobic phase such as soy, paraffin, or silicon oil, tri-n-butylphosphate, or dibutyphtalate, which is compatible with the cells. The various monomers or polymers tes
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway which has led to the successful development of drug therapies that replace or stimulate this network pharmacologically. Although these drugs work well in the early stages of the disease, over time they produce side effects along with less consistent clinical benefits to the person with Parkinson's (PwP)
