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Ever-increasing global water shortages necessitate more advanced and cost-effective water purification methods. Herein, a novel slow filtration system using natural raw zeolite is proposed as an alternative to traditional quartz sand as a filter medium. The system demonstrates excellent performance in reducing turbidity and removing methylene blue (MB). The natural zeolite-based filtration system
A central challenge in linguistics pertains to understanding how the polished, static form of a written text emerges from the messy, moment-by-moment decisions of the writer. While the structures of finished texts have been extensively theorized, and the real-time cognitive processes of writing have been widely studied, the relationship between these real-time processes and the functional linguist
Background and Objectives: Previous studies have suggested associations between pain perception and psychological factors such as mood, distress, fatigue, and quality of life. However, these factors and their relationship to pain sensitivity have typically been investigated in isolation and with insufficient sample sizes. To address these limitations, we examine the interplay between distinct psyc
We show that an ultraviolet prepulse significantly enhances the water-window x-ray emission and brightness for a droplet-target laser plasma. By combining a 65 mJ, 120 ps, lambda = 532 nm main pulse with an up to 3 mJ prepulse, the emitted x-ray photon flux may be increased more than eight times. The resulting C VI lambda = 3.37 nm line emission is more than 3 x 10(12) photons/sr . pulse, correspo
The motivation for using a zero-dispersion monochromator as a band-pass filter with a Fourier transform spectrometer is discussed, and the design of such an instrument is presented. Benefits in performance over commercial band-pass filters are demonstrated. In addition the advantages of using the second optical output of the spectrometer are discussed, particularly with respect to absorption spect
The nature of solid-solid phase transformations has been a long-standing question spanning the fields of metallurgy and condensed-matter physics, with applications from metallic alloys and ceramics to modern shape-memory materials. In spite of the importance of solid-to-solid transformations in many areas of materials science and condensed-matter physics and the numerous experimental and theoretic
Internal erosion is one of the major reasons for embankment dam failures. Despite this, the knowledge of the temporal development of internal erosion in full scale structures is limited. Detection of internal erosion is complicated using conventional methods, and new or improved methods are appreciated. Hallby was the first Swedish embankment to get a permanently installed monitoring system intend
In this thesis some research questions regarding durability and quality of roads has been investigated. The questions are analyzed from an image analysis point of view and aims to be a complement to existing methods for analyzing asphalt. One important factor for the durability of the asphalt layer on roads is the affinity between the stones in the asphalt and the binder that holds the stones tog
The associations between floristic and palynological richness and landscape structure were studied based on modern pollen-vegetation data from a patchy cultural landscape in southern Estonia (northern temperate vegetation zone). Nine study sites (small lakes and their surrounding vegetation) represent land cover gradient from closed forest to semi-open vegetation. Floristic richness (number of spe
Security of supply is widely addressed in the academia. In this paper we conduct a review of methodologies, discuss strengths and weaknesses and identify areas that would benefit from further research and methodology development. A distinction is made between methodologies used to assess general vulnerability and those that value the outcome of insecurity by testing how energy systems respond to d
Purpose Timely knowledge of the bacterial etiology and localization of infection are important for empirical antibiotic therapy. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate routinely used biomarkers together with novel laboratory parameters in the diagnosis of infection. Methods In this prospective study, 54 adult patients with bacterial infections admitted to the Department of Infectious Disease
The objective was to develop evidence -based recommendations and a research and educational agenda for the non-pharmacological management of hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA). The multidisciplinary task force comprised 21 experts: nurses, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, rheumatologists, orthopaedic surgeons, general practitioner, psychologist, dietician, clinical epidemiologist and patie
This contribution concerns the development of generic methods and tools for robust optimal control of high-pressure liquid chromatographic separation processes. The proposed methodology exploits a deterministic robust formulation, that employs a linearization of the uncertainty set, based on Lyapunov differential equations to generate optimal elution trajectories in the presence of uncertainty. Co
A method for simultaneous determination of the diffusion and sorption properties of cement-based materials is presented. It is a gravimetric method where one small specimen is exposed to stepwise changes in relative humidity while its mass is being measured. As sorption in cement-based materials is slow, the change in relative humidity to the next level is made before final equilibrium has been re
We present an overview of recent work on the spectroscopy of tungsten ions, related to tokamak edge plasma. The spectra were recorded from the newly-built low energy electron beam ion traps (EBITs) in the Shanghai EBIT laboratory. By analyzing the spectra with the help of accurate theoretical calculations, using state-of-the-art techniques, we were able to identify term and fine structure splittin
Background: Standardized techniques to detect HIV-neutralizing antibody responses are of great importance in the search for an HIV vaccine. Methods: Here, we present a high-throughput, high-content automated plaque reduction (APR) assay based on automated microscopy and image analysis that allows evaluation of neutralization and inhibition of cell-cell fusion within the same assay. Neutralization
Triglycerides are transported in plasma by specific triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; in epidemiological studies, increased triglyceride levels correlate with higher risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is unclear whether this association reflects causal processes. We used 185 common variants recently mapped for plasma lipids (P < 5 x 10(-8) for each) to examine the role of triglyceri
