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During mechanical defibration of wood, a minor fraction of the wood mass is dissolved in the process water. These dissolved substances represent an extra energy demand when they are treated in the mill’s wastewater treatment plant. Galactoglucomannan, the main hemicellulose in spruce, can be recovered from thermomechanical pulp mill process water by a process based on microfiltration (MF) and ultr

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) plays a significant role in climate change by altering the global atmospheric radiation budget. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are major sources for the formation of SOA. Their relationship is critical to understand the continental biosphere-aerosol-cloud-climate (COBACC) feedback mechanism but receives less attention in previous studies. In this study,

Designing and developing a software product is a difficult process. The product must be usable and solve the correct problem. At the same time, the underlying code must be well written. Many projects fail to deliver or exceed their budget. This thesis explores a practical approach to software design and development that tries to adhere to both user centered design and agile development. The proces

Unforeseen ground conditions are risk factors often leading to delays and significant additional costs in conjunction with underground infrastructure construction work. There are two main geological hazards that are important to identify, manage, or possibly avoid, for safe and efficient underground construction. The first is unstable rock and the second is large groundwater inflow. The latter exi

Popular summary Estuarine eutrophication, the systemic limitation of oxygen in a body of water, has been increasingly monitored and scrutinized as an environmental concern needing acute and long term remediation efforts. The roots of eutrophication are largely attributed to anthropic sources within the watershed, sources that are products of modern civilization; such as agricultural and urban poll

Understanding how sympatric species partition resources is critical for biodiversity conservation, particularly in vulnerable ecosystems. As Arctic ecosystems undergo rapid climate change, understanding how animals use space and select habitats becomes essential for effective conservation planning. Advances in technologies can now provide high-resolution data on species movements and habitat use,

Only 40% of the total CO2 emitted by human activities and natural sources remain in the atmosphere, since the rest is taken up by plants and oceans. In particular temperate and boreal forests are usually significant sinks of carbon, even if they are very susceptible ecosystems and they might turn into sources in consequence of the predicted temperature increase. That is one of the reasons why a ne

Pharmaceutical residues discharged through insufficiently treated or untreated wastewater enter aquatic environments, where they may adversely impact organisms such as aquatic invertebrates. Ozonation, an advanced wastewater treatment technique, has been successfully implemented to enhance the removal of a broad range of pharmaceuticals, however diverse byproducts and transformation products that

Permafrost soils and arctic wetlands methane emissions represent an important challenge for modeling the future climate. Here we present a process-based model designed to correctly represent the main thermal, hydrological, and biogeochemical processes related to these emissions for general land surface modeling. We propose a new multilayer soil carbon and gas module within the Interaction Soil-Bio

Antibiotics are used to treat both humans and animals for both preventive and therapeutic purposes. The overreliance on and misuse of antibiotics has given rise to a stealth pandemic, known as antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Globally, they pose a significant threat to human, animal, and environmental health. Surveillance of antibiotic residues in the environment, especially in wastewater, for tack

Prekallikrein, a glycoprotein involved in contact phase activation, circulates in plasma in the form of a binary complex with high molecular weight kininogen (H-kininogen). The binding to H-kininogen is mediated by the prekallikrein heavy chain consisting of four repetitive domains, A1-A4. To define more precisely the region(s) involved in kininogen binding, we have employed an affinity cross-link