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Popular Abstract in Swedish Hur gick det till när det svenska riket expanderade norrut och införlivade Hälsingland? Denna bok är uppställd som en generalhypotes över denna långt utdragna process, som tar sin utgångspunkt i den samhälleliga kollaps som är skönjbar under 500-talet. De inhemska maktstrukturer som gradvis byggdes upp efteråt kom under medeltidens inledande århundraden att få känna på In which way did the power structures of central Sweden expand into the territories north of the forest Ödmården during the Middle Ages? This text reads like a general hypothesis for this process, which attempts to incorporate all relevant elements in the Medieval landscape of power. The study area chosen is the province of Hälsingland. The chronological take-off is the 6th century AD, when settle

Several beneficial effects have been connected with dietary fibre. Insoluble fibre has a good faecal bulking capacity, whereas soluble and viscous dietary fibre has been shown to have beneficial effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Fruit and vegetables provide about one third of the dietary fibre intake in Northern Europe and more than half in Mediterranean countries. These food items are

Popular Abstract in English Lions (Panthera leo) have become known to be synonymous with wild Africa since its extinction from most parts of its former range (Europe, Asia and Southern America). Few people realize that anthropogenic activities have caused habitat loss, fragmentation and reduction in size to the lions, forcing them to the brink of extinction. Whenever out in nature, most tourists tHigh growth rate in human populations, agricultural developments and industrialization have impinged negatively on the natural habitats of most large carnivores, causing fragmentation, isolation and consequently reduction in population size. Lions (Panthera leo) that once roamed most parts of Southern Europe, Asia, the Middle East, North America, northern part of South America and most parts of Af

The small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are a widespread class of molecular chaperones existing in all organisms. During heat stress the sHsps protect other proteins from unfolding and aggregation. In plants the sHsps play an especially prominent part of the stress response. In this thesis chemical crosslinking and mass spectrometric mapping of crosslinked peptides has been used to investigate the

This thesis investigates the adsorption, decomposition and reactions of small molecules on flat, oxidised and vicinal surfaces of late transition metals. The main technique for these studies is high resolution core level spectroscopy (HRCLS). All the studies presented in the thesis are performed in Ultra High Vacuum (UHV). The articles can be divided into three groups. The first three articles dea

Deoxygenation, i.e. loss of oxygen from the oceans, often considerably influences the aquatic organisms and the wholeecosystem and changes biogeochemical cycles. It results in increasing bottom areas of hypoxia (<2 mg/l dissolved oxygen),which has been primarily attributed to global warming and increased eutrophication. It is vital to study the present-dayanthropogenically-induced environmental ch

Abstract: HLA‐DR2 is negatively associated with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The aim of the present study was to analyze DR2‐positive patients among 425 consecutively diagnosed unrelated Swedish children with IDDM and in 367 matched controls. HLA‐DRB, ‐DQA and ‐DQB were determined by Taq I restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Amplification by polymerase chain reaction

Background: There are several scientific indications that increasing heat due to climate change is going to become the next big societal and scientific challenge. Climate change is recognized as a significant public health threat. However, there is a lack of research on its impacts on occupational safety and health. Aims and Objectives: The general aim of the research presented in this thesis was

Efter en landreform, som genomfördes i slutet av 40- och i början av 50-talet, blev de flesta taiwanesiska bönderna hemmansägare och odlade marken på små lantegendomar. Denna efterkrigsreform banade väg för en ekonomisk utveckling som väsentligt påverkade och förändrade bondesamhället. När det taiwanesiska jordbruket visade tecken på stagnation på 1970-talet, förändrades böndernas syn på markinnehAfter post-war land reform that took place between 1949 and 1953, most Taiwanese farmers became owner-cultivators working on small landholdings. Post-war land reform paved the foundation for economic development and industrialization, processes that squeezed the agricultural sector and created changes in farming villages. When Taiwanese agriculture showed signs of stagnation in the 1970s, farmers’

Background: Regimens based on ibrutinib alone and lenalidomide and rituximab in combination show high activity in patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma. We hypothesised that the combination of all three drugs would improve efficacy compared with previously published data on either regimen alone. Methods: In this multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 trial, we enrolled pa

This dissertation deals with memory, recognition and solidarity in the Nowa Huta district of Kraków, Poland. Nowa Huta was founded as an independent, socialist model town in 1949, together with the large Lenin Steel Plant, and was incorporated into Kraków in 1951. In the 1980s the steel plant and district became one of the main centers of the oppositional Solidarity movement in Poland. Situated be

The term inflammasome was first coined in 2002 and describes an intracellular multiprotein complex mediating inflammation by inducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) and a lytic form of cell death called pyroptosis. Since then, an impressive amount of research has revealed many details about the mechanisms of inflammasome activation as well as the functional relevance o

With the increased availability of computational resources, the past decade has seen a rise in the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for medical applications. There has been an increase in the application of CFD to attempt to predict the rupture of intracranial aneurysms, however, while many hemodynamic parameters can be obtained from these computations, to date, no consistent methodology

The work presented in this thesis has aimed to improve the knowledge about the groundwater occurrence in different geological conditions in Mozambique. The main focus in this study has been on the understanding of hydrogeological conditions in area with little background information by use of geophysical investigation. The lack of background information is a problem in many countries because the e

The research area of climate field reconstructions has developed strongly during the past 20 years, motivated by the need to understand the complex dynamics of the earth system in a changing climate. Climate field reconstructions aim to build a consistent gridded climate reconstruction of different variables, often from a range of climate proxies, using either statistical tools or a climate model

Background: Intravesical instillation of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an accepted strategy to prevent recurrence of non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) but associated with significant toxicity. Objective: NIMBUS assessed whether a reduced number of standard-dose BCG instillations are noninferior to the standard number and dose in patients with high-grade NMIBC. Design, setting, and par

Background: Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction is a multifactorial disorder manifested as orthostatic hypotension (OH) and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). OH has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood and explored.Aims and methods: Project I: We aimed to discover protein biomarkers related t

Svensk sammanfattningKraftiga förluster av pollinerare är oroande och det har talats om risken för att en pollineringskris ska uppstå, med konsekvenser för både människor och miljö. De flesta blommande växter och tre av fyra odlade grödor är nämligen insektspollinerade (Box 1). Minskningarna hänger ihop med det moderna jordbrukets utveckling. Många gamla hagmarker och ängsmarker där bin och fjäril