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The nineteenth century’s long term planning and successive construction of new burial grounds and new ways of burial, with the help of among others scientific, technical and ideological strategies, have been quite successful in institutionalising a consciousness of what a proper place of death should be like. For the architect Augustus Welby Pugin the promotion of a revival of the Gothic style in
Testing ofIntegrated Circuits is important to ensure the production offault-free chips. However, testing is becoming cumbersome andexpensive due to the increasing complexity of these ICs. Technologydevelopment has made it possible to produce chips where a completesystem, with an enormous transistor count, operating at a highclock frequency, is placed on a single die - SOC (System-on-Chip).The devi
It has been generally accepted that residual cartilage and subchondral bone has to be removed in order to get bony fusion in arthrodeses. In 1998 we reported successful fusion of 11 rheumatoid ankles, all treated with percutaneous fixation only. In at least one of these ankle joints there was cartilage left. More than 25 rheumatoid patients with functional alignment in the ankle joint have subsequ
Popular Abstract in Swedish TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor eller Tumör-Nekrotisk-Faktor) är en molekyl som utsöndras av kroppens makrofager (latin för storätare) när dessa kommer i kontakt med bakterier. Det TNF som bildas aktiverar andra celler, särskilt vita blodkroppar och de celler som täcker blodkärlsväggens yta (endotelceller). Syftet med detta är att aktivera kroppens immunförsvar och döda baktTNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine which binds to two cell surface receptors, TNF-R55 and TNF-R75. The receptors undergo proteolytic cleavage and release a fragment (soluble TNF-receptors or TNF-Binding Protein), TNF-R55-BP and TNF-R75-BP. Soluble TNF-receptors are able to bind and inactivate TNF. The release of soluble TNF-receptors was measured with ELISA. TNF binding cap
Popular Abstract in Swedish Humana neutrofiler är vita blodkroppar med den kortaste livslängden. Varje dag frisätts det miljoner neutrofiler från benmärgen till blodet. Från blodbanan är neutrofiler de första celler som anländer och samlas i en infekterad vävnad. Neutrofiler är mest kända för deras anti-mikrobiella funktion. Dessa celler är rustade med olika proteiner för att kunna hitta och döda The human neutrophil is the most abundant granulocyte and the major type of cell involved in an acute inflammatory response. Neutrophils are armed with various systems of enzymes, that can find and kill pathogens, but unfortunately, these "weapons" cannot distinguish between the host tissues and the "invaders." Therefore, an extensive neutrophil reaction leads to continuous release of toxic metabo
Popular Abstract in English The global energy consumption is increasing regularly due to the increased population and economic development. In contrast the primary energy sources, fossil fuels, are declining substantially. The combustion of fossil fuels contributes to the global climate change via greenhouse effects. To minimize these negative effects a carbon-neutral energy production is demandedThe electrochemical communication between microorganisms and electrodes has substantial implications both for basic understanding of biological electron transfer as well as in diverse applications, such as, microbial electrochemical system (MES), microbial biosensors and in production of valuable chemicals. In these systems the extracellular electron transfer (EET) from microbial metabolism to ele
The biological functions of proteins depend on their physical interactions with other molecules, such as proteins and peptides. Therefore, modeling the protein-ligand interactions is important for understanding protein functions in different biological processes. We have focused on the cleavage specificities of HIV-1 protease, HCV NS3 protease and caspases on short oligopeptides or in native prote
Pollination by bees is important for food production. Recent concerns about the declines of both domestic and wild bees, calls for measures to promote wild pollinator populations in farmland. However, to be able to efficiently promote and prioritize between measures that benefit pollinators, such as modified land use, agri-environment schemes, or specific conservation measures, it is important to
Quantifying the water exchange between a forest stand and the atmosphere is of major interest for the prediction of future growth conditions and the planning of silvicultural treatments. In the present study, we address (i) the uncertainties of sap flow estimations at the tree level and (ii) the performance of the simulation of stand transpiration. Terrestrial laser scan images (TLS) of a mature b
Materials that are stored or used in damp climates may be subject to mould growth. However, all materials are not equally susceptible to mould growth. For each specific material, there is a critical moisture level. If this is exceeded, there is a risk that mould fungi will develop on the material. In a building, different constructions are exposed to different climatic conditions. To minimise the
Popular Abstract in Swedish Det traditionella jordbruket i nordvästra Europa har gynnat förekomsten av många arter under tusentals år och den snabba övergången till modernt jord- och skogsbruk har lett till försämrade förutsättningar för dessa arter. Både internationellt och nationellt finns strategier för att bevara biologisk mångfald. I Sverige är dessa strategier integrerade i miljömål med ansThis thesis explores the relationship between land-use and floristic diversity over the last three millennia in the uplands of southern Sweden. A quantitative approach based on high-resolution pollen data was applied, using the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm (LRA), historical maps/aerial photographs, palynological richness and new ways to estimate past evenness at regional and local spatial sc
Popular Abstract in Swedish Som en följd av de senaste årens förtätningstrend har stadens täthet blivit en aktuell stadsbyggnadsfråga. Förtätning är ett komplext fenomen som berör en rad centrala egenskaper hos staden. Förtätning är också en kontroversiell stadsbyggnadsstrategi. Det är motsättningen mellan förtätning och friytor som den här avhandlingen tar sin utgångspunkt i. Krymper mellanrummenThe new interest in density displayed by professional town planners and town-planning researchers is related to the present densification of the urban environment in many towns and cities. Research on densification is primarily concerned with the link between urban form and sustainable development. The point of departure of this thesis is to consider what a denser housing environment will mean to
AIM: The enzymatic regulation of intramuscular triacylglycerol (TG) breakdown has until recently not been well understood. Our aim was to elucidate the role of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), which controls TG breakdown in adipose tissue. METHODS: Isolated rat muscle as well as exercising humans were studied. RESULTS: The presence of HSL was demonstrated in all muscle fibre types by Western blotti
In practice, the catchment hydrologist is often confronted with the task of predicting discharge without having the needed records for calibration. Here, we report the discharge predictions of 10 modellers - using the model of their choice - for the man-made Chicken Creek catchment (6 ha, northeast Germany, Gerwin et al., 2009b) and we analyse how well they improved their prediction in three steps
Sub-micrometer atmospheric aerosol particles were studied in the Amazon region, 125 km northeast of Manaus, Brazil (-1degrees55.2'S, 59degrees28.1'W). The measurements were performed during the wet-to-dry transition period, 4-28 July 2001 as part of the LBA (Large-Scale Biosphere Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia) CLAIRE-2001 (Cooperative LBA Airborne Regional Experiment) experiment. The number si
