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I arbetet redogörs för den svenska sekretesslagstiftningens struktur, innehåll och historiska utveckling i den mån den berör statlig och kommunal tillsyn m.m. över näringslivet. Sekretessbestämmelserna återfinns i 30 kap. 23-24 och 27 §§ OSL. Arbetet behandlar skaderekvisitens betydelse vid rättstillämpningen och den begränsning av handlingsoffentligheten som därvid gjort sig gällande samt i vad mThe purpose of this graduate thesis is to describe the structure, content and historical development of the Swedish Official Secrets Act (2009:400) in terms of state and municipal supervision of the business community. The relevant provisions are contained in chapter 30 sections 23-24 and 27. The work deals with the current principal guideline, in which there is a presumption that secrecy would be

Av företrädesprincipen följer att EUF-fördragets bestämmelser om fri rörlighet och icke-diskriminering har företräde framför nationell rätt. Innebörden av principen är bland annat att nationella domstolar vid rättstillämpningen har att åsidosätta en nationell reglering som är oförenlig med EUF-fördraget. Kommissionen har till uppgift att kontrollera så att medlemsstaterna uppfyller EU-rättens bestAs a consequence of the supremacy doctrine, the provisions of free movement and non-discrimination in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), prevail over national legislation. Pursuant to this principle, a national regulation inconsistent with the TFEU must be set aside in national court proceedings. The Commission shall ensure that the Member States comply with the regulation

I Sverige råder principen om fri bevisföring, vilken stadgas i 35 kap. 1 § RB. Detta innebär att det inte finns någon begränsning vare sig gällande de kunskapskällor som får användas för att bevisa det inträffade, eller gällande domarens frihet vid själva värderingen av bevisen. I doktrinen finns olika bevisvärderingsmetoder beskrivna. De som ofta diskuteras är temametoden, värdemetoden samt hypotIn Sweden there is the principle of freedom of evidence, witch is provided in chapter 35. 1 § RB. This means that there is no restriction regarding the sources of knowledge that may be used to prove the incident or regarding the judge's discretion in the evaluation of the evidence. There are various evidence-methods described in the doctrine. The most discussed methods are the method of theme,

Våld i samband med fotbollsmatcher har länge varit ett problem i Sverige. Den 30 mars 2014 nådde det sin kulmen när en Djurgårdssupporter misshandlades till döds i samband med en match mot Helsingborgs IF, vilket blev starten för en kris som drabbade både Helsingborgs IF och dess supporterförening Kärnan. Studien, som fokuserar på medlemsorganisationers kriskommunikation och organisations-samarbetFootball-related violence has been a problem in Sweden for a long time. On 30 March 2014 it reached its climax when a Djurgården supporter was killed in connection with a match against Helsingborgs IF, which started a crisis that affected both Helsingborgs IF and its supporters' association Kärnan. This study, which focuses on member organizations’ crisis communication and interorganizational

Den gällande svenska våldtäktsregleringen baseras antingen på tvång eller på otillbörligt utnyttjande vid en särskilt utsatt situation. I begreppet tvång ligger såväl våld som hot, vilka båda enligt den svenska regleringen är lågt ställda krav. ”Särskilt utsatt situation” å andra sidan ser bland annat till vissa exemplifierade situationer. I och med att Europadomstolen avkunnade Bulgariendomen, viThe current Swedish rape law is based on either force or improper use of a “particularly vulnerable situation”. The concept of force includes violence and threat, with levels which are fairly easy to achieve, whilst “particularly vulnerable situation” is exemplified in the law. Since the European Court of Human Rights pronounced the judgment against Bulgaria, requiring the criminalisation of any n

Biodiesel fuels are alternatives to petrodiesel, especially in the transport sector where they have lower carbon footprint. Notwithstanding the environmental benefit, biodiesel fuels may have other toxicological properties than petrodiesel. Particulate matter (PM) from petrodiesel causes cancer in the lung as a consequence of delivery of genotoxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, oxidative stress

Lessons Learned: It is possible to plan and treat some patients with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in a timely fashion in an acute setting. Advanced and, in some indications, already implemented technologies such as SBRT are difficult to test in a randomized trial. Background: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) could be an alternative to deco

Rationale: The topic of sparse representation of samples in high dimensional spaces has attracted growing interest during the past decade. In this work, we develop sparse representation-based methods for classification of radiological imaging patterns of breast lesions into benign and malignant states. Methods: We propose a spatial block decomposition method to address irregularities of the approx

Fluid anomalies were often considered as possible precursors before earthquakes. However, fluid properties at the surface can change for a variety of reasons, including environmental changes near the surface, the response of the superficial fluid system to loads associated with the mechanical nucleation of earthquake fractures, or as a result of transients in fluid flow from the depths. A key prob

The relationship between syntactic structure and prosodic structure has received increased theoretical attention in recent years. Richards (2010) proposes that Japanese allows wh-elements to stay in-situ because of a certain aspect of its prosodic system. Specifically, in contrast to some other languages like English, Japanese can prosodically group wh-elements together with their licensers. This

Forest conservation has emerged as a key strategy to achieve global climate goals, yet many forest-rich countries remain underfunded. Cambodia, despite its extensive forest cover and high deforestation rates, accesses only a small portion of climate finance to support national mitigation efforts. Developing countries such as Cambodia access only a small share of the substantial annual for national

Context. Despite the ever-increasing number of known exoplanets, no uncontested detections have been made of their satellites, known as exomoons. Aims. The quest to find exomoons is at the forefront of exoplanetary sciences. Certain space-born instruments are thought to be suitable for this purpose. We show the progress made with the CHaracterising ExOPlanets Satellite (CHEOPS) in this field using

3I/ATLAS is the third interstellar object discovered to date, following 1I/‘Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov. Its unusually high excess velocity and active cometary nature make it a key probe of the Galactic population of icy planetesimals. Understanding its origin requires its past trajectory through the Galaxy to be traced and the possible role of stellar encounters to be assessed, both as a potential or

Abstract Co-operation difficulties in the work place can be a problem serious enough. Co-operation difficulties can occur between employee and employer, as well as employees among themselves. Irrespective of between which individuals the co-operation difficulties occur, it will have negative consequences. These can consist of, for example that individuals might suffer mentally, inproductivity and

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), the ancestors of all blood cells, have the ability to give rise to mature effector cells through a series of developmental steps. This is a tightly regulated, though a highly dynamic process: on the one hand, dysregulation in steady-state could lead to under- or overgrowth of certain blood cell lineages, whereas, on the other hand, demands for certain mature blood c

Using constant-effort catch data, causes of annual variation in the timing of migration of Curlew Sandpipers (Calidris ferruginea) migrating through Ottenby, Sweden, as well as the trend in timing of migration from 1946-2005, was investigated. Variation in the timing of autumn migration of adult and juvenile Curlew Sandpipers was influenced by breeding success connected to predation pressure on th

Aim. To 'own' a person is considered an infringement of human rights, but we suggest that concepts of ownership influence interactions between parents and staff when a child is admitted to hospital. This paper aims to stimulate debate and contains an explanation of the exploration of the literature for research and discussion of ownership of the child. Method. A wide variety of library indexes, da

Measurements based on a large number of red giant stars suggest a broad metallicity distribution function (MDF) for the Galactic bulge, centered on [Fe/H] approximate to -0.1. However, recently, a new opportunity emerged to utilize temporary flux amplification (by factors of similar to 100 or more) of faint dwarf stars in the Bulge which are gravitationally lensed, making them observable with high