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To date, it is widely accepted that several disorders of the male and female urogenital tract, such as erectile dysfunction, bladder overactivity, urinary stone disease and the benign prostatic syndrome, can be therapeutically approached by influencing the function of the smooth musculature of the respective organs. In order to achieve a pronounced drug effect without significant adverse events, e
Both the EU and Member States in treatment of third-country nationals have to follow so-called “international minimum standard of treatment of aliens”, meaning that states are allowed to treat aliens in the same way as their own nationals, but in no case such treatment to be less than fundamental human rights stipulated in contemporary international instruments. Such standard is not stipulated in
The Chinese economy has been growing with a pace and duration that the world has never seen before. Since 1978, the country has been facing a constant economic growth for more than 30 years. One of the pillars of the economy is the automotive industry; an interesting mixture of Joint Ventures and independent companies. The competition is cut throat and has even been more intense after the China’s
En av vår tids största utmaningar är frågan om klimatförändringar. Mänsklig aktivitet över hela världen, från en mängd olika källor, bidrar till den globala uppvärmningen. Därför återfinns klimatlagstiftning på många olika nivåer vilket leder till regelverk som samverkar med varandra på olika plan. I detta komplexa juridiska landskap försöker Europeiska Unionen etablera ett grönt ledarskap. SyfteClimate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time. Human activities all over the world from a multitude of different sectors are contributing to global warming. Therefore, climate change law exists on many different levels, creating a complex web of interacting legislation. In this multi-levelled legal landscape the European Union is attempting green leadership. The purpose of this the
A continuously growing population in the world has resulted in more agricultural activity in arid- and semi-arid areas where it once was harder to cultivate crops. Due to the high evaporation and the lack of rainfall in these areas it is necessary to irrigate the fields. In some areas it has become more and more common to use treated wastewater as an alternative irrigation source. When the soil is
Syftet med studien är att synliggöra ett konfliktfält med berättelser om det moderna Sverige som uttrycks av olika politiska grupper och att främja bearbetningen av tolkningskonflikten. Fyra politiska utmaningar mot den etablerade framgångsberättelsen om Sveriges utveckling från ett fattigt land till en modern välfärdsstat analyseras: 60-talsvänstern, den nya kvinnorörelsen på 1970-talet, alternatThe aim of the study is to make visible a field of conflicting narratives of modern Sweden expressed by different political groups and to contribute to the working through of the conflict of interpretation. Four political challenges to the established success story of Sweden's development from a poor society to modern welfare state, are analysed: the Left in the 1960s, the new Women's movement in
Little is known about the aetiology of thymoma. This study aims to identify medical risk factors for thymoma as a systematic approach to new hypotheses on the aetiology of this disease. A European multi-centre case–control study was conducted from 1995 to 1997, including incident cases aged 35–69 years with thymoma. Altogether, we accepted 85 cases and 3350 controls, of which we interviewed 77 cas
Solar cells based on silicon are successfully harvesting solar energy in established and increasingly widespread solar panels. However, their efficiency is limited by the Shockley–Queisser limit. For certain applications where high efficiency is the key figure of merit, the use of multi-junction solar cells is desirable.III–V multi-junction solar cells exhibit the highest efficiencies achieved to
Postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a chronic autonomic disorder characterized by excessive heart rate elevation upon standing or head-up tilt, in the absence of orthostatic hypotension. This debilitating condition affects primarily young to middle-aged individuals, particularly women, and substantially influences quality of life. The main presenting symptoms are lightheadedness, palpitations,
Microbicides in the leather industries are employed to avoid the biodeterioration of the hides by microorganisms. This problem may lead to harmful characteristics to the end product such as stains, roughness and decrease mechanical properties of leather. Therefore, microbicides like the 2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole (TMCTB) are applied in distinct steps of the tanning process as alternativ
V&S Sundsvall (a part of V&S Vin & Sprit AB) is a Swedish company producing different alcoholic beverages, mainly for the Swedish market. The company has lately paid increasing attention to supply chain disruption risk issues. In another study, one of the authors (Paulsson 2007) developed a model, called the DRISC (Disruption Risks In Supply Chains) model, for the structuring, evaluati
It is still impossible to make an accurate, purely theoretical prediction of the free energy of a ligand binding to a protein in aqueous environment. The two main problems are the immense number of nuclear configurations contributing to the binding free energy and the impossibility to apply accurate quantum-chemical methods to such a large system, even for a single configuration. In this thesis, t
AIM: To investigate possible associations between hospitalization for asthma and socioeconomic status and occupation.METHODS: A nationwide database was constructed by linking Swedish Census data to the Hospital Discharge Register (1987-2004). The hospital diagnoses of asthma were based on the International Classification of Diseases. Standardized incidence ratios were calculated for different soci
A direct, low-cost method to determine the concentration of lactose is an important goal with possible impact in various types of industry. In this study, a biosensor is reported that exploits the specific interaction between lactose and the enzyme β-galactosidase (β-Gal) normally employed to process lactose into glucose and galactose for lactose-intolerant people. The biosensor was made with β-Ga
Background: The FRAX® algorithm quantifies a patient's 10-year probability of a hip or major osteoporotic fracture without taking an individual's balance into account. Balance measures assess the functional ability of an individual and the FRAX® algorithm is a model that integrates the individual patients clinical risk factors [not balance] and bone mineral density. Thus, clinical balance measures
During recent years, many sites with sediments pre-dating the Last Glacial Maximum have been identified in formerly glaciated areas. As more and better dates are presented from these sites, the dynamic behaviour of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet is becoming increasingly clear. In this study, we revisited the site Skorgenes in western Norway. Here, sediments from two ice-free periods are found below an
Case-control and cohort studies published between 1977 and 1988 were reviewed with the purpose to evaluate the relationship between use of oral contraceptives (OC-use) and breast cancer risk, tumour biology and tumour prognosis with special emphasis on early OC-use. the risk of breast cancer was assessed in 30 case-referent studies and 5 cohort studies, and the prognosis of breast cancer had been
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to use transvaginal ultrasonographic measurements to find the thickness of the endometrium below which the risk of endometrial abnormality in women with postmenopausal bleeding is low. STUDY DESIGN: This multicenter study was carried out at eight clinics in four Nordic countries. The study included 1168 women with postmenopausal bleeding scheduled for curet
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are two prevalent neurodegenerative disorders for which the causes are unknown, except in rare familial cases. Several changes in neuropeptide levels as measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) have been observed in these illnesses. Somatostatin (SOM) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are consistently decreased in AD and FTD. Neuropeptide Y (N
Mutations in the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha gene (HNF-1 alpha, now known as the transcription factor 1 gene [TCF1]) cause the most common monogenic form of diabetes, MODY3, but it is not known if common variants in HNF-1a are associated with decreased transcriptional activity or phenotypes related to type 2 diabetes, or whether they predict future type 2 diabetes. We studied the effect of f
