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Although, today, jus cogens is a recognized element of international law and international legal discourse alike, many issues of vital importance to a well-functioning jus cogens regime remain unsettled. The current debate centers on the following six questions: (1) What is the source of jus cogens obligations? (2) What is the role of consent in the creation and modification of jus cogens norms? (

Freshwater, obligate aerobic, Gram-negative bacterium Caulobacter crescentus strain CB2 is able to metabolise various types of carbon sources. In this degree project, growth characterization of C.crescentus was made on different substrates including glucose, xylose, and mannose using shake-flask cultivations and bioreactor experiments. Special emphasis was put on the xylose degradation pathway, th

Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka och redogöra för uppkomsten av fängelsestraffet som självständig straffsanktion i Sverige samt analysera den straffrättsteoretiska diskurs som därmed följde. Genom tillämpande av en rättsdogmatisk metod har uppsatsens frågeställningar besvarats – när uppkom fängelsestraffet som självständig straffsanktion och varför uppkom det när det uppkom, samt vad handlaThe purpose of this thesis is to examine and describe the origins of the sentence imprisonment as an independent punishment in Sweden, and to analyze the discourse concerning theory of punishment that followed. Through applying a legal dogmatic method the questions of the thesis are answered – when did imprisonment arise as an independent punishment and why then, what was the discourse concerning

Detta arbete undersöker processrättens roll på det migrationsrättsliga området, så som den kommer till uttryck genom ett antal migrationsprocessrättsliga särdrag. Centralt för undersökningen är hur avvägningen mellan de motstående intressena individens rättssäkerhet och processuell effektivitet har gjorts i migrationsprocessen. Den första särdraget som behandlas är den på det migrationsrättsliga This essay examines the role of procedural rules in the field of Swedish migration law, as this role is expressed through a number of procedural features that are special for migration law. The essay focuses on whether the procedural rules of Swedish migration law tend to prioritize the individual’s procedural safeguards or procedural efficiency. The first unique feature of the procedural rules o

Ny antibiotikakandidat upptäckt i levern hos djuphavsfisken Havsmus Två tidigare okända ämnen med antibiotisk aktivitet har renats fram ur havsmusens lever. I havsmusens lever och giftblåsa har också ämnen med toxiska aktiviteter hittas. Dessa substanser kan vara av intresse för framtagning av smärtstillande och bakteriedödande läkemedel. Penicillinet upptäcktes för 100 år sedan av Alexander Fle

Abstract Title Standardization of Environmental Management and Sustainability Reporting Seminar Date May 29th 2013 Course BUSN68 Degree Project - Accounting and Management Control; BUSN69 Degree Project - Accounting and Auditing, 15 ECTS Authors Johanna Geijer and Linda Sturesson Advisors Per Magnus Andersson and Stefan Yard Keywords Standardization, Environmental Management, Sustainabilit

Validation of gene × environment interaction results from epidemiological studies in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) is usually hampered by insufficient statistical power. Genotype-based recall (GBR) refers to the design of studies in which subgroups of the population are selected based on their genotypes. In this thesis we test if a GBR approach of recruiting two groups of participants with dis

Surrogatmoderskap är inte tillåtet inom svensk hälso- och sjukvård. Samtidigt finns det inget direkt förbud mot surrogatarrangemang i svensk rätt. Uppsatsen belyser det rättsliga vakuum som uppstår när svenskar ingår surrogatarrangemang utomlands och därefter återvänder till Sverige med barn som saknar klart fastställda föräldrar enligt svensk rätt. I centrum för framställningen står principen om Surrogacy is not permitted within Swedish healthcare services. However, there is no explicit prohibition against surrogacy arrangements under Swedish law. This thesis highlights the legal vacuum that arises when Swedish citizens engage in surrogacy arrangements abroad and subsequently return to Sweden with children whose legal parentage is not clearly established under Swedish law. The core of the

Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) communicate with one another using an intricate language made up of sequences of clicks. Recent studies have begun to dig deeper into the structure and content of these vocalisations in an effort to detect and extract significant patterns and features. Whether or not the results of such research will eventually allow us to translate sperm whale speech into som

Den sociala indikationen är ett juridikens medel för att i vissa fall rättfärdiga att vuxna missbrukare bereds vård, oberoende deras eget tycke. Ett sådant tvångsförfarande innebär i grunden en inskränkning av mänskliga fri- och rättigheter. I ljuset av denna inskränkning är det alldeles nödvändigt att det legitima tvångsförfarandet föregås dels av en tydlig och precis rättsreglering, dels av en fThe social indication is a legal mechanism that, in certain cases, serves to justify compulsory care for adult substance abusers, irrespective of their con-sent. Such a coercive measure inherently entails a restriction of human rights and freedoms. In light of this restriction, it is essential that the legitimate compulsory measure be preceded by a clear and precise legal regulation, as well as a

Situated in Geneva, Switzerland, the Large Hadron Collider is largest particle accelerator in the world, and as such, its operation carries with it some of the greatest technical challenges ever faced. Among them are the huge demands put on data storage capacity by experiments in particle physics, both in terms of rate and volume of data. Several systems are employed to manage and reduce the flow

This thesis explores two interrelated issues when it comes to traditional alcohol in Tanzania and its day-to-day activities: identity formation and local economic life. Given the fact that drinking traditional alcohol in Africa is an intrinsic part of social life, it becomes an object in the articulation of diversity, coexistence, and preservation of identity. The study presents women as nodes thr

There is a growing expectation in the field of sustainable development that cities are the most suitable scale for addressing global environmental issues, particularly through their ability to mobilize local actors. Business improvement districts (BIDs) are a form of public-private partnership (PPP) in cities typically established by associations of private actors that aim to generate value in com

Dangdut as the most popular music in Indonesia is highly sexualized on its representation of women despite the fact that Indonesia is a religious country. Dangdut’s sexualization is prominent on its performance, lyrics and culture. Banality, is the face of dangdut. During its public shows, many of the male audiences are more often than not intoxicated and engage in physical fights. Yet to date, th