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The discovery that paracetamol is metabolized to the potent TRPV1 activator N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z-eicosatetraenamide (AM404) and that this metabolite contributes to paracetamol's antinociceptive effect in rodents via activation of TRPV1 in the central nervous system (CNS) has provided a potential strategy for developing novel analgesics. Here we validated this strategy by examining

BACKGROUND: Septic shock may cause splanchnic hypoperfusion. We hypothesized that levosimendan would improve systemic and hepatosplanchnic perfusion during endotoxemic shock. METHODS: In 16 anesthetized pigs (31.4 +/- 3.4 kg), a jugular vein, a carotid artery, the Pulmonary artery (thermodilution), the portal vein, and a hepatic vein were cannulated for hemodynamic monitoring and blood sampling. U

Popular Abstract in Swedish De senaste ca trettio åren har man observerat en kraftig ökning av löst organiskt kol i sjöar, vattendrag och kustnära vatten i olika delar av det norra halvklotet, bl.a. i delar av Nordamerika, Storbritannien, Baltikum, centrala Europa och Skandinavien. I Sverige har ökningen främst varit koncentrerad till de södra delarna av landet. Löst organiskt kol i sjöar belägna During the past three decades, increases have been observed in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and colour in the surface waters of lakes and rivers in parts of Europe and North America, raising concern about the effects on the quality of aquatic environments with consequences for biodiversity, resource availability and recreational use. Various hypotheses have been put forward to exp

Two assertions made by the Eastern meditation traditions were investigated: (a) breath regulation is a prerequisite for attaining altered states of consciousness, (b) meditation leads to changes in cognitive processes and in personality. A deconditioning process was conceptualized involving the temporal lobes and the amygdala. Analyses of (a) the effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) inhalation and (b)

A systematic study of the dissolution of dry, polydisperse polyethylene oxide) (PEO) samples, obtained from mixtures of low-molecular-weight and high-molecular-weight PEO, was made. During the dissolution process, the individual release of the low-and high-molecular-weight fractions was monitored. The highmolecular-weight/low-molecular-weight ratio controls the release rate, and the fraction of hi

In this paper, the formaldehyde emissions from three different types of homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines are quantified for a range of fuels by means of Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis. The engines types are differentiated in the way the charge is prepared. The characterized engines are; the conventional port fuel injected one, a type that traps resid

Li-adsorption on the Si(111)7 × 7 surface at room temperature has been studied for different metal coverages with core-level spectroscopy. Four Li-induced components are observed in the Si 2p level at high Li-coverages indicating the formation of four thermodynamically stable phases. It is shown that the reaction between the Li atoms and the Si(111)7 × 7 surface takes place in two steps. In the fi

The present results demonstrate that chronic nicotine treatment can in part protect against mechanically-induced and neurotoxin-induced degeneration of nigrostriatal DA neurons. These results indicate that in sufficient doses chronic treatment with nicotine may be considered in the pharmacological treatment of Parkinson's disease. It remains to be demonstrated whether these protective actions can

We investigated the influence of trophic status on the lipid content and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in planktonic food webs from 19 lakes in southern Sweden. The lipid content in phytoplankton (10-45 mum), microzooplankton (45-150 mum) and large macrozooplankton (>500 mum) was negatively related to the total phosphorus (Tot-P) concentration in lakes. The lipid content in macrozo

We present some results on the existence of bounded positive solutions to a class of nonlinear second order ordinary diferential equations by using the Schauder-Ekhonov fixed point theorem. An application to the existence of bounded positive solutions to certain quasilinear elliptic equations in two-dimensional exterior domains is also given.

Although climate is known to be one of the key factors determining animal species distributions amongst others, projections of global change impacts on their distributions often rely on bioclimatic envelope models. Vegetation structure and landscape configuration are also key determinants of distributions, but they are rarely considered in such assessments. We explore the consequences of using sim

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) are secreted by the prostate into seminal plasma and through leakage into blood. This leakage increases rapidly in prostate disease, and PSA is used worldwide as a marker of prostate cancer. PSA is activated in vitro by hK2, and cleaves the semenogelins in semen, which releases motile sperm, and low levels of PSA have been asso

Assessment of the potential impact of climate change on water systems has been an essential part of hydrological research over the last couple of decades. However, the notion that such assessments should also include technological, demographic and land use changes is relatively recent. In this study, the potential impacts of climate change and continued urbanisation on waste and stormwater flows i

Background. For Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the International Prognostic Index is the major tool for prognostication and considers an age above 60 years as a risk factor. However, there are several indications that increasing age is associated with more biological complexity, resulting in differences in DLBCL biology depending on age. Methods. We conducted a registry-based retrospective

We have recently proposed a statistical AV node model defined by a set of parameters characterizing the arrival rate of atrial impulses, the probability of an impulse passing through the fast or the slow pathway, the refractory periods of the pathways, and the prolongation of refractory periods. All parameters are estimated from the RR interval series using maximum likelihood (ML) estimation, exce

The efficacy of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in depression and anxiety disorders suggests the gene coding for the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), SLC6A4, as a candidate of importance for these conditions. Positive findings regarding associations between polymorphisms in SLC6A4 have been reported, indicating that these polymorphisms may influence anxiety-related personality traits, as well as the r

The presence of different time scales in a dynamic model significantly hampers the efficiency of its simulation. In multibody systems the fact is particularly relevant, as the mentioned time scales may be very different, due for example to the coexistence of mechanical components controlled by electronic drive units, and may also appear in conjunction with significant nonlinearities. This paper pr