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We introduce a novel strategy to study the intergenerational transmission of human capital skills, net of genetic skill transfers. For this purpose, we use unique Danish data on children conceived through sperm and egg donation in in vitro fertilization treatments to estimate the relationship between child test scores and parental years of schooling. Because the assignment of donors is not selecti
Aim: To evaluate (1) whether three migratory nightjar species (Family Caprimulgidae) adhere to Bergmann's rule, (2) whether environmental factors on the breeding or wintering grounds determine body size, and (3) which mechanistic hypotheses best explain Bergmannian patterns in body size. Location: North and South America; Europe and Africa. Taxon: Eastern whip-poor-will (Antrostomus vociferus), Co
Background and ObjectivesKilning is crucial in oat processing, to prevent rancidity and extend shelf-life. This study examines kilning effects on the macronutrient composition in Swedish oat varieties Galant, Fatima, and Belinda. We compared two kilning methods: one mimicking industrial practice and a simplified version. We analyzed dietary fibers (arabinoxylan, β-glucan), protein and amino acids,
Plastics consist of fossil fuels, from both a feedstock and energy perspective and thus need to decarbonise. This thesis maps and explores the framings and technologies that surround plastics decarbonisation and the potential mitigation pathway of carbon capture and utilisation. Here, three of the main findings are presented.By unpacking how EU policymakers understand issues concerning plastics, t
Large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have the potential to dramatically change the landscape of influence operations. They can generate persuasive, tailored content at scale, making campaigns using falsified content, such as disinformation and fake accounts, easier to produce. Advances in self-hosted open-source models have meant that adversaries can evade content moderation and security checks
A procedure to identify the imperfection in thin plates is proposed in this paper. The modified potential energy principle, which serves as the theoretical basis of the identification procedure, is improved to allow for the experimental measurements in static tests. Several typical examples are studied to illustrate the effectiveness of the procedure.
Purpose: To explore early pressure-related effects on Müller cell homeostatic proteins in the in vitro adult porcine retina. Methods: Retinal explants were subjected to 0-, 10-, 30-, or 60-mmHg of pressure for 24 or 48 h in culture. Retinal explants fixed immediately after enucleation were used as controls. Müller cell proteins were evaluated by GFAP, GS, CRALBP, and bFGF immunohistochemistry. Res
Self-monitoring is essential for effectively regulating learning, but difficult in visual diagnostic tasks such as radiograph interpretation. Eye-tracking technology can visualize viewing behavior in gaze displays, thereby providing information about visual search and decision-making. We hypothesized that individually adaptive gaze-display feedback improves posttest performance and self-monitoring
Chronic diseases are the most severe health concern today, and heart disease is one of them. Coronary artery disease (CAD) affects blood flow to the heart, and it is the most common type of heart disease which causes a heart attack. High blood pressure, high cholesterol, and smoking significantly increase the risk of heart disease. To estimate the risk of heart disease is a complex process because
Tamoxifen prevents recurrence of breast cancer and is also approved for preventive, risk-reducing, therapy. Tamoxifen alters the breast tissue composition and decreases the mammographic density. We aimed to test if baseline breast tissue composition influences tamoxifen-associated density change. This biopsy-based study included 83 participants randomised to 6 months daily intake of placebo, 20, 1
PurposeIn oculoplastic surgery the eyelid tissue is frequently stretched in order to repair defects after tumor surgery. However, there is a paucity of research regarding how stretching affects eyelids. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into how traction force affects eyelid stretch as well as tissue perfusion, using a laser-based in vivo monitoring technique.MethodLower-lid pentagonal
The well-known green color of plants is due to the chlorophyll molecules used for light harvestingduring photosynthesis, which takes place in chloroplasts. Biosynthesis of chlorophyll a is performed by15 enzymatic steps and chlorophyll a can be interconverted to chlorophyll b via the chlorophyll cycle.Barley is a valuable model organism for studying chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynth
Two-dimensional spectral mapping is used to visualize how resonant Auger–Meitner spectra are influenced by the site of the initial core–electron excitation and the symmetry of the core-excited state in the trifluoroethyl acetate molecule (ESCA). We observe a significant enhancement of electron yield for excitation of the COO 1s → π* and CF3 1s → σ* resonances unlike excitation at resonances involv
Observations of binaries containing pairs of neutron stars using the upcoming space-based gravitational wave observatory, LISA, have the potential to improve our understanding of neutron star physics and binary evolution. In this work, we assess the effect of changing the model of the Milky Way’s kinematics and star formation history on predictions of the population of double neutron stars that wi
Sterols have played an important role in membrane evolution. The effect of these molecules, particularly the naturally occurring ones, such as cholesterol, ergosterol, lanosterol, phytosterols and oxysterols on the properties of lipid model membranes have been extensively investigated. Unfortunately, other naturally occurring sterols such as desmosterol and lathosterol have received very little at
In this Swedish case study of four upper secondary students engaged in simultaneous L2 (English) and L3 (Spanish, French and Russian) learning, a possible selves approach was used to investigate the impact of English on L3 motivation. Using a maximum variation sampling strategy, participants were selected from a larger dataset (n=101). Semi-structured interviews were conducted using Interpretive P
For the past two decades, the ‘Normative Power Approach’ (NPA) has affected both academic and policymaking debates on the European Union (EU) in global politics. Since its publication in the Journal of Common Market Studies in 2002, the Normative Power article has remained one of the highest cited and most influential articles in the study of European integration. Importantly, the NPA is one of th
We present an angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study of the single-layer T∗-type structured cuprate SmLa1-xSrxCuO4 with unique fivefold pyramidal oxygen coordination. Upon varying oxygen content, T∗-SmLa1-xSrxCuO4 evolved from a Mott-insulating to a metallic state where the Luttinger sum rule breaks down under the assumption of a large holelike Fermi surface. This is in contrast with the
