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Genom införandet av en ny öppenhetsförordning 2001 skulle möjligheten för enskilda att få tillgång till handlingar från EU:s institutioner utvidgas. Förordningen innehåller emellertid också en rad undantag från offentlighetsprincipen. Uppsatsens syfte är att redogöra för dessa undantag och med utgångspunkt i EU-domstolens praxis undersöka när handlingar hos institutionerna omfattas av sekretess. SThrough the introduction in 2001 of a new regulation on the public access to documents, the European Union sought to strengthen the European public’s possibilities of gaining access to documents from the Parliament, Council and Commission. However, the right to access according to the regulation is not unlimited, as the regulation contains several exceptions from its main rule of openness. The pur

Solid waste management has been topic of discussion in urban areas of many developing countries. Even though it is necessary to focus on institutional and technical factors when it comes to waste management, individual’s attitudes and perceptions are crucial to maintain proper practices to manage household waste. While the role and impact of individual’s attitudes and perceptions in household wast

The concept of industrial symbiosis (IS) provides practical solutions for resource efficiency and low-carbon development. The IS represents a collective, multi-industrial approach for companies to improve their economic and environmental performance through the sharing of heat, electricity, water, by-products, information, and reuse of waste. The main challenges to IS emergence include a long dura

Denna uppsats ämnar att kasta ljus över humanitära interventioner och huruvida de är lagliga enligt folkrätten idag samt om deras rättsliga ställning är på väg att förändras i framtiden. Fokus i uppsatsen ligger på den humanitära krisen i Syrien och hur de rättsliga övervägandena såg ut för en humanitär intervention där, samt vad som blev implikationerna för den gällande rätten efter denna kris. UThis essay seeks to shed some light on the concept of humanitarian intervention and whether it is considered legal or not in international law. Furthermore, the concept of humanitarian intervention is discussed in a developmental perspective, where the current regulation of humanitarian intervention is analysed and suggestions are presented for what might be the future for the concept. The essay f

The production of plastics has seen incredible growth in recent years. Accordingly, the release of plastic particles (micro and nano) into the environment is also increasing. Information on environmental, biological concentrations, and the fate of nanoplastic (NP) in aquatic environments are scarce. Most in vitro studies have been investigating the effects of NPs at higher exposure concentrations

Enligt 23 kap. 6 § BrB föreligger en skyldighet att, när det särskilt anges, avslöja ett förestående eller pågående brott. Denna skyldighet har föreskrivits i svensk strafflag sedan lång till tillbaka. Skyldigheten har framförallt gällt i vid särskilt grova brott så som högförräderi och spioneri, men på senare tid även vid tillgreppsbrott och våldsbrott som rån och våldtäkt. Under utformningen av

Despite the important roles volunteer workers in not-for-profit organization play in improving the quality of individual lives in various aspect, only a handful of research focusing on volunteer workers have been conducted. There are two main purposes for this study. First, to examine how overall volunteer workers in not-for-profit organizations view their working experience by analyzing the stren

Many patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID) who have antibody deficiency develop progressive lung disease due to underlying subclinical infection and inflammation. To understand how these patients are monitored we conducted a retrospective survey based on patient records of 13 PID centres across Europe, regarding the care of 1061 adult and 178 paediatric patients with PID on immunoglobulin (

A combined experimental/numerical method for determination of constitutive parameters in high strain-rate material models is presented. Impact loading, using moderate projectile velocities in combination with small specimens (sub mm) facilitate tensional strain rates in the order of 10(4)-10(5) s(-1). Loading force is measured from one-dimensional wave propagation in a rod using strain gauges and A combined experimental/numerical method for determination of constitutive parameters in high strain-rate material models is presented. Impact loading, using moderate projectile velocities in combination with small specimens (sub mm) facilitate tensional strain rates in the order of 104–105 s−1. Loading force is measured from one-dimensional wave propagation in a rod using strain gauges and deform

We use Google internet search volumes to measure households’ pessimism about overall market-wide credit health in the economy, and show that this “household default sentiment” is positively correlated with the credit default swap (CDS) spread level in the market. However, while household default sentiment might drive the cost of credit to some degree, either directly or indirectly through its effe

BACKGROUND: The use of technology has the potential to support the patient´s active participation regarding treatment of hypertension. This might lead to changes in the roles of the patient and health care professional and affect the partnership between them.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the partnership between patients and health care professionals and the roles of p

Protective covers (i.e., glasshouses, netting enclosures, and polytunnels) are increasingly used in crop production to enhance crop quality, yield, and production efficiency. However, many protected crops require insect pollinators to achieve optimal pollination and there is no consensus about how best to manage pollinators and crop pollination in these environments. We conducted a systematic lite

People that produce bad outcomes can thereby become the fitting targets of blame, the fitting intensity of which is determined by the badness of the outcomes. In the following paper, I suggest that the amount of blame instances that people are fitting targets of is also determined by the weight of the badness of the outcomes. I use the example of online blame as a paradigmatic case where the amoun

The choice of channel propagation model used for the simulation-based study of Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs) plays a key role in the accuracy of conclusions drawn about the performance of applications proposed for these networks. Relying on simplistic channel models, as frequently practised in previous works, leads either to pessimistic or optimistic conclusions. In the view of this, in this

Economies in transition (EiTs) (e. g. Ukraine (UA), Belarus, Moldova, etc.) are signifi cantly dependent on energy imports, and require revitalization of their agricultural sectors and improvements in the state of the environment. Development of national bioenergy potentials can contribute to the solutions to these problems. However, EiTs face technical, political, fi nancial, and capacity-based c

PURPOSE: To investigate if resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) reliably can serve as a complement to task-based fMRI for presurgical mapping of the sensorimotor cortex. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Functional data were obtained in 10 healthy volunteers using a 3 Tesla MRI system. Each subject performed five bilateral finger tapping experiments interleaved with five resting-state experiments. Following p

This essay is a qualitative study on quasimarkets in the field of home-help service. The main purpose of the study was to describe and analyze the function of costumers choice from elderly persons point of view. The quasimarket in home-help service of Solna stad has served as an example. The questions raised in the study concerned the elderly costumers opinion of the information about the differen