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Background: Global stroke epidemiology is changing rapidly. Although age-standardized rates of stroke mortality have decreased worldwide in the past 2 decades, the absolute numbers of people who have a stroke every year, and live with the consequences of stroke or die from their stroke, are increasing. Regular updates on the current level of stroke burden are important for advancing our knowledge
2-Oxoglutaric acid (2-Ox), a precursor to hydroxyproline - the most abundant amino acid in bone collagen, exerts protective effects on bone development during different stages of organism development; however, little is known about the action of 2-Ox on cartilage. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the influence of dietary 2-Ox supplementation on the growth plate, articular cartilage an
In species with restricted dispersal, traits may become genetically fixed leading to local adaptations. Therefore, predator avoidance in a prey species may differ between populations experiencing different predator regimes, but also between sexes within a population due to different vulnerability to predators. In this study we used male and female Gammarus pulex from two different predator regimes
Abstract Low aqueous solubility of lipophilic agents, such as free fatty acids, hampers proper in vitro demonstration of biological effects, yielding an ambiguous in vitro-in vivo correlation. We have therefore developed a method for evaluating the acute effects of lipophilic substances on the shape of erythrocytes and estimated EC50 and Hill coefficient according to the sigmoidal Emax model. T
WE-14, a post-translational product of the neuroendocrine protein chromogranin A (CgA), is generated in distinct subpopulations of endocrine cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the generation of WE-14 in the endocrine cell types of the oxyntic mucosa of the stomach, after treatment with reserpine, an irreversible inhibitor of vesicular monoamine uptake 2 (VMAT2). Reserpine (10 mg
In a field irradiation experiment UV-B radiation was enhanced to simulate 15% ozone depletion under clear sky conditions in northern Sweden. This was accomplished by using UV-B fluorescent lamps mounted on metal frames raised over a naturally growing plant community. 2. The study area consisted of a dwarf shrub heath mainly composed of the four species Vaccinium vitis-idaea, V. myrtillus, V. uligi
Little academic research has been done in the field of energy and conflict with regard to the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. The aim of this thesis is to try to fill this gap by analysing the relationship of energy and conflict in this ongoing war. A further goal is to relate the findings back to the theoretical framework provided by Månsson (2014), in which the different roles that energy c
Synthesis of nanoparticles with high control of the particle composition, high purity and high throughput is of great interest for multiple applications such as catalysis, medicine, energy storage, sensoring, and electronics. As an alternative method to the traditionally used chemical synthesis routes, gas-phase methods have gained attention due to the avoidance of solvents resulting in higher pur
From the Brexit Referendum in 2016, up until the Brexit transition period in 2020 and onwards, the regions of the United Kingdom underwent several renegotiations within trade agreements associated with the Brexit process and the consequent withdrawal from the European Union. This caused increasing levels of economic policy uncertainty within the United Kingdom, which accordingly acted as a spillov
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Havsnivåförändringar på södra Grönland. Den globala havsnivån har förändrats under den nuvarande mellanistiden främst på grund av fördelningen av vatten mellan hav och glaciärer. Den relativa havsnivån på södra Grönland påverkas också till stor del av jordskorpans anpassning till storleken på det grönländska istäcket. I denna studie presenteras en ny strandförUntil recently there have only been a few observations of relative sea-level change from the inner Bredefjord area in southern Greenland. Here a new sea-level curve is presented from the Tasiusaq area based on data mainly from a sediment sequence from a marine embayment. Sea-level changes can be recorded in sediments as changed chemical composition, physical properties and macrofossil content. Iso
The main purpose of this study was to make an initial risk analysis on the probability of antibiotics in biosolids causing adverse effects on agricultural soil environments. The issue on resistance development among bacteria towards antibiotics has also been discussed. Initially, the risk was found to be very high for all of the antibiotics; penicillin, tetracycline, macrolide, quinolone, trimetho
The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the state of play between environment and transport in the European Union, and an area that has been notably problematic during the years is chosen as case study: the cooperation between the Directorates-General of Environment and Transport and Energy on the Trans- European Transport Network. The two Directorates-General constitute the units of analysi
The importance of property in everyday life of people is obvious. Although sometimes it looks like property does not fit into the human rights context, the author believes that the right to property as any other human right needs protection. The fact that 20 percent of all violations found by the European Court of Human Rights in the last eight years are connected with property rights illustrates
The present study is dedicated to a discussion on the efficiency of exercise of ICC jurisdiction, based on past international criminal law experience. While acknowledging the unprecedented significance of the establishment of a permanent international criminal court, it focuses on the numerous perceived shortcomings in the ICC statute system, likely to constitute major challenges in the court'
After much work and a long time after its instigation, a legislation regulating insolvency law in the European Union finally saw the light of day in 2002. Its 47 articles and 33 recitals establish jurisdiction, choice of law as well as recognition, in cross-border insolvencies within the EU and with this new legislation came a new expression to the legal area, namely 'centre of main interests&
The European project has, since its birth in the 1950´s, transformed into a supranational organization with strong constitutional features. The current legal order of the Union has developed into a complex system that is hard to comprehend. Together with the enlargement eastwards, the need for a simplified European Treaty has been intensified. Today, the debate about a European constitution is a t
Synthetic estrogens that originate mainly from oral contraceptive pills reach our waters through sewage effluent and potentially affect organisms in the natural environment. This study focused on the effects of the synthetic estrogen 17-alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) on the foraging and predator avoidance behaviors of the planktivorous fish roach (Rutilus rutilus), a common fish in Swedish lakes and
