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Real wages are a convenient, useful, and powerful way to learn how life was like in the past. In this chapter we start by reviewing the methodology behind real wage estimations and their history. Then we look at the how real wages have contributed to shedding light on major issues in economic history such as the onset of modern economic growth, the Great Divergence, and colonialism in the Americas
Abandonment of diversity, equity and inclusion programs undermines fairness and the productivity of research.
For a project to be delivered on-time and to an agreed cost in accordance with the specification, it is important to have an appropriate purchasing strategy. A project succeeds due to many factors, one of which is cost alongside timely delivery and quality. Formal purchasing strategies for different purchasing categories are common in the manufacturing industry, but less so in a project-based indu
This paper examines the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on recent operatic practice, exploring its potential to affect the development of the genre from the artist’s perspective. While opera has historically evolved in tandem with technological advancements, the integration of AI raises important questions about its function within the operatic toolbox and its relation to the genre’s cor
The definition of a decision support system(DSS) may be : human-computer interactive software system to solve semi-structured decisional problems for decisional makers with data utilizing, information management, knowledge, as well as model techniques. DSS only provide supporting information about making decision for the decision maker without stipulate the decision itself. Decision is made by hum
In 103 (M=25, F=78) of 150 consecutive RA patients, values of the following variables were obtained at the start and end of a 2-year follow-up period: radiographic destruction score of hands and feet according to Larsen (Larsen index), Ritchie index, B-hemoglobin, ESR and plasma proteins (α1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, CRP, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, orosomucoid, IgA, IgG, IgM, C3 and C4). 60% of th
Trace is a versatile concept with a wide spectrum of applications beyond detective fiction. Indeed, trace offers a key for gauging novel reading experiences. The collected articles exemplify that the qualities of trace, as conceptualised by Paul Ricoeur’s hermeneutical phenomenology, help to unfold the relation of embodiment and the novel. The essays examine the manner in which trace inside the no
This paper uses uncertainty generated by environmental change and climate crisis as a prompt to rethink the concept of vulnerability within disaster studies. Where some have sought to recover a latent political potential in vulnerability, a togetherness founded in the disclosure of insecurities to others, we argue that there is value in refusing to settle on any single meaning. This is explored di
Bakgrund: Ett mått på följsamhet till paleolitisk kost som inte baseras på populationsrelativa intag av livsmedelsgrupper har hittills saknats. Syftet med denna avhandling var att utvärdera användbarheten av Paleolithic Diet Fraction (PDF), ett nytt mått på följsamhet till paleolitisk kost, beräknat som andelen av det totala intaget av livsmedelsgrupper som utgörs av paleolitiska livsmedelsgrupperAbstract: Background: A measure of adherence to the Paleolithic diet not based on population-relative food group intakes was lacking. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the usefulness of the Paleolithic Diet Fraction (PDF), a novel measure of adherence to the Paleolithic diet, calculated as the fraction of total food group intake derived from Paleolithic food groups. Methods: PDF was calculate
We consider the OK Corral model formulated by Williams and McIlroy and later studied by Kingman. In this paper we refine some of Kingman's results, by showing the connection between this model and Friedman's urn, and using Rubin's construction to decouple the urn. Also we obtain the exact expression for the probability of survival of exactly S gunmen given an initially fair configuration.
Between 1850 and 1930, millions of Europeans emigrated to the United States, attracted by opportunities for a better life. We study the role of migrant networks in fostering emigration, using individual-level Swedish full-count census data for men and women, linked to emigration records. Our findings show that having previously migrating siblings was an important determinant of emigration, particu
IMPORTANCE Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) has been associated with a lower incidence of cancer and reduced weight gain. These associations suggest a potential role for the MedDiet in lowering the risk of obesity-related cancers (ORCs). Obesity is a known risk factor for various cancers and shows an inverse association with MedDiet adherence. OBJECTIVE To examine the association betw
The Stieltjes-Wigert polynomials, which correspond to an indeterminate moment problem on the positive half-line, are eigenfunctions of a second order q-difference operator. We consider the orthogonality measures for which the difference operator is symmetric in the corresponding weighted L2-spaces. Under some additional assumptions these measures are exactly the solutions to the q-Pearson equation
The two phases of El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influence both regional and global terrestrial vegetation productivity on inter-annual scales. However, the major drivers for the regional vegetation productivity and their controlling strengths during different phases of ENSO remain unclear. We herein disentangled the impacts of two phases of ENSO on regional carbon cycle using multiple data s
