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The enzymatic degradation of plant polysaccharides is a process of fundamental importance in nature which involves a wide range of enzymes. In this work, the structure and function of hemicellulose-degrading enzymes was investigated. The focus was on a beta-mannanase (TrMan5A) produced by the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei. This enzyme is composed of a catalytic module and a carbohydrate-bi
Members of the bone morphogenetic protein-1/tolloid (BMP-1/Tld) family of metalloproteinases, also known as procollagen C-proteinases (PCPs), control multiple biological events ( including matrix assembly, cross-linking, cell adhesion/migration and pattern formation) through enzymatic processing of several extracellular substrates. PCP activities on fibrillar procollagens can be stimulated by anot
In recent years evidence has emerged that the amount of isoprene emitted from a leaf is affected by the CO2 growth environment. Many - though not all - laboratory experiments indicate that emissions increase significantly at below-ambient CO2 concentrations and decrease when concentrations are raised to above-ambient. A small number of process-based leaf isoprene emission models can reproduce this
We present a method for pharmacokinetic modeling of distributions of In-111-labeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on individual pixels of planar scintillation-camera images. Methods: The method is applied to 2 sets of clinical whole-body images, each consisting of 6 consecutive images acquired over a week. Quantification is performed on a pixel basis, yielding images in units of Bq/pixel. The image
The purpose of this study was to characterize the emissions of a large number of chemical compounds emitted from birch wood combustion in a wood stove. Birch wood is widely used as fuel in Swedish household appliances. The fuel load was held constant during six experiments. Particles < 2.5 mum diameter were collected and the size distribution of the particles was measured. The results were compare
In this study, we introduce the architecture and style of sedimentation of two outwash fans in front of the Myrdalsjokull ice cap, central south Iceland, that broaden different types of ice-marginal sedimentation. At Kotlujokull, a southeastern outlet of the ice cap, fan formation was monitored from the late 1970s to 2002; thus, the style of sedimentation is well understood and the relationship to
PURPOSE: Previous reports have demonstrated the inhibitory effect of exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on micturition. In the current study we tested whether tiagabine (Sanofi Synthelab., Newcastle-upon Tyne, United Kingdom), a GABA re-uptake inhibitor increasing endogenous GABA concentrations, would affect micturition in awake rats or influence rat detrusor contraction in vitro. MATERIALS
The present study addresses the question why there is a positive relationship between nitrogen deposition and potential net nitrogen mineralisation and nitrification in oak (Quercus robur L.) forest soils in south Sweden (Falkengren-Grerup et al., 1998), and how this is related to the carbon mineralisation. We tested three hypotheses based on European studies (Persson et al., 2000a,b) that postula
Objectives: To develop evidence based recommendations for the management of hand osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: The multidisciplinary guideline development group comprised 16 rheumatologists, one physiatrist, one orthopaedic surgeon, two allied health professionals, and one evidence based medicine expert, representing 15 different European countries. Each participant contributed up to 10 propositio
In recent years, remote sensing data have revealed considerable potential in unraveling crucial information regarding water balance dynamics due to their unique spatiotemporal distribution characteristics, thereby advancing multi-objective optimization algorithms in hydrological model parameter calibration. However, existing optimization frameworks based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT
The long-term carbon storage capacity of the boreal forest is under threat from the increasing frequency and intensity of wildfires. In addition to the direct carbon emissions during a fire, the burnt forest often turns into a net carbon emitter after fire, leading to large additional losses of carbon over several years. Understanding how quickly forests recover after a fire is therefore vital to
Climate change and land-use change represent a dual threat to terrestrial ecosystem functioning. In the tropics, forest conversion to agriculture is occurring alongside warming and more pronounced periods of drought. Rainfall after drought induces enormous dynamics in microbial growth (potential soil carbon storage) and respiration (determining carbon loss), affecting the ecosystem carbon budget.
Bee-mediated pollination plays a crucial role in sustaining global food production. However, while the demand for these pollination services is increasing, many bee species are in decline. To address this discrepancy, farmers use managed bee species to improve crop pollination. One key factor affecting pollination efficiency is the affinity for the crop of interest (i.e., the extent to which a bee
Japan’s rich archaeological record, supported by well-established chronological and typological frameworks, offers valuable opportunities to investigate prehistoric socio-cultural responses to climate change, although comprehensive studies remain limited. This exploratory paper examines the impact of climatic disruptions—particularly the 8.2 ka event—on Jomon foragers in Kyushu, aiming to develop
Background: Nodal assessment in gallbladder cancer remains challenging, particularly in incidental gallbladder cancer. This understages the number of patients with node-positive disease, resulting in prognostic inaccuracy and insufficient adjuvant treatment. This study aimed to identify risk factors for positive nodes in gallbladder cancer and to compare prognostic discrimination of available noda
OBJECTIVE: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage. Liquid biopsy approaches may facilitate detection of early stage PDAC when curative treatments can be employed.DESIGN: To assess circulating marker discrimination in training, testing and validation patient cohorts (total n=426 patients), plasma markers were measured among PDAC cases and patients with ch
Loess-palaeosol sequences (LPS) and loess like sediments are considered as some of the most significant terrestrial archives of climatic change and past atmospheric mineral dust activity. While these LPS have been widely used to investigate the immense climate disruptions of the last glacial period, relatively little attention has been directed toward the climate variability during the Holocene. Th
