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Jordbruksmodernisering har dramatiskt ökat tillgången till mat på global nivå, men till ett högt pris för miljön. Idag efterlyser många ett ’paradigmskifte’ i jordbruket, även flera stora mainstream-institutioner. Med ett skifte till vad? Under senare år har det synts en ökande tilltro till agroekologi, ett alternativ som syftar till att förstå och bedriva jordbruk som komplexa agroekosystem. FrånAgricultural modernization has massively increased global food supply, but at a high environmental cost. Today many are calling for an agricultural ‘paradigm shift’, including several mainstream institutions. But to what? In recent years, agroecology has gained credence as an alternative approach that seeks to understand and manage farms as complex agroecosystems. From a development perspective, i

As urban areas expand rapidly worldwide, wildlife is exposed to a wide range of novel environmental stressors, such as increased air pollution and artificial light at night. Birds in highly polluted and/or urbanized habitats have been found to have increased antioxidant protection, which is likely important to avoid accumulation of oxidative damage, which can have negative fitness consequences. YeAs urban areas expand rapidly worldwide, wildlife is exposed to a wide range of novel environmental stressors, such as increased air pollution and artificial light at night. Birds in highly polluted and/or urbanized habitats have been found to have increased antioxidant protection, which is likely important to avoid accumulation of oxidative damage, which can have negative fitness consequences. Ye

Introduction: Ethiopia has one of the largest number of adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV). As these adolescents reach adulthood they need to transfer from pediatric to adult-oriented clinics. Clear implementation guidelines for transition are lacking and factors associated with successful transition are inadequately investigated. Our objective was to describe the rate and age of transition from

Popular Abstract in Undetermined Nanoparticles have attracted great interest in biomedicine and material science due to their unique and unconventional properties. Polymer nanoparticles containing pre-designed molecular recognition sites can be synthesized using molecular imprinting technique. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have high affinity and selectivity that are similar to antibodies,Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have attracted great interest in many applications including bioseparation, chemical sensing, catalysis, drug delivery, etc. Recently, molecularly imprinted nanoparticles have become accessible due to a number of synthetic methods that have been developed. The high molecular binding selectivity, fast binding kinetics and colloidal stability make MIP nanopartic

Popular Abstract in Swedish Fosterövervakning under förlossningen är standard inom förlossningsvården. Målet är att identifiera avvikande händelser och då speciellt syrebrist hos fostret. Sedan början på sjuttiotalet har vågformsanalys av foster EKG studerats ur fysiologisk, klinisk och signal synpunkt. Vågformen hos ett EKG innehåller mer information än bara R-R intervallet i ett EKG dvs konventiWaveform analysis of the fetal electrocardiogram has been studied since the early seventies from both physiological, signal processing and clinical aspects. It has been found to contain more useful information than the mere detection of RR-intervals (fetal heart rate), e.g., the ST-segment giving evidence of the ability of fetal myocardium to respond to the stress of labor. In the Swedish RCT, STA

Chloride anation of trans-Pt(CN)4ClOH2− has been studied with and without Pt(CN)42− present at 25.0 °C by use of stopped-flow and conventional spectrophotometry and a 1.00 M perchlorate medium. The rate law in the absence of Pt(CN)42− is compatible with a chloride assistance via an intermediate of the type Cl-Cl-Pt(CN)4···OH22−, in which the reactivity of the aqua ligand is enhanced due to a partiChloride anation of trans-Pt(CN)4ClOH2− has been studied with and without Pt(CN)42− present at 25.0°C by use of stopped-flow and conventional spectrophotometry and a 1.00 M perchlorate medium. The rate law in the absence of Pt(CN)42− is compatible with a chloride assistance via an intermediate of the type Cl-Cl-Pt(CN)4···OH22−, in which the reactivity of the aqua ligand is enhanced due to a partia

Objective: To identify predictors of prediabetes using feature selection and machine learning on a nationally representative sample of the US population. Materials and methods: We analyzed n = 6346 men and women enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014. Prediabetes was defined using American Diabetes Association guidelines. The sample was randomly partitioned to Objective: To identify predictors of prediabetes using feature selection and machine learning on a nationally representative sample of the US population. Materials and methods: We analyzed n = 6346 men and women enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014. Prediabetes was defined using American Diabetes Association guidelines. The sample was randomly partitioned to t

Background Self-management is the main concept constituting the foundation of follow-up care after heart transplantation. Self-efficacy is a foundation of self-management. Little is known about heart recipients’ experiences in relation to self-efficacy and self-management after heart transplantation. Aim The overall aim of this thesis was to explore uncertainty and self-efficacy as important aspecBackground Self-management is the main concept constituting the foundation of follow-up care after heart transplantation. Self-efficacy is a foundation of self-management. Little is known about heart recipients’ experiences in relation toself-efficacy and self-management after heart transplantation. Aim The overall aim of this thesis was to explore uncertainty and self-efficacy as important aspect

It is well understood that adding to the population increases CO2 emissions. At the same time, having children is a transformative experience, such that it might profoundly change adult (i.e., parents’) preferences and consumption. How it might change is, however, unknown. Depending on if becoming a parent makes a person “greener” or “browner,” parents may either balance or exacerbate the added COIt is well understood that adding to the population increases CO2 emissions. At the same time, having children is a transformative experience, such that it might profoundly change adult (i.e., parents') preferences and consumption. How it might change is, however, unknown. Depending on if becoming a parent makes a person "greener" or "browner," parents may either balance or exacerbate the added CO

Vetenskapligt skrivande är ett viktigt moment i studentens grundutbildning. Skrivandet kräver att studenten ska ange källor på ett korrekt sätt i enlighet med en viss stil. Av erfarenhet konstateras att processen att hantera olika stilar kräver tid. Kritiskt tänkande är en grundläggande förutsättning inom vetenskapligt arbete och kräver i sig inte detaljkunskap kring olika stilars struktur. Dagens

Popular Abstract in Swedish Trä är ett konstruktionsmaterial med många positiva egenskaper, både avseende mekaniska och tekniska egenskaper och avseende det som ibland kallas mjuka egenskaper. Trä har generellt hög styrka i förhållande till sin vikt, det är ett naturligt förnybart material och det anses av många vara estetiskt tilltalande. Jämfört med andra vanliga konstruktionsmaterial som stål oThis thesis concerns experimental and theoretical work regarding perpendicular to grain fracture in wooden structural elements. The experimental part concerns strength tests of glulam beams with a hole. The theoretical parts concern development of two models for strength and fracture analysis, both based on fracture mechanics approaches, and their application to analysis of beams with a hole and d

Vi lever i en tid av snabb vetenskaplig och teknologisk utveckling. För 100 år sedan hade ingen kunnat drömma om de saker som helt har förändrat vår var- dag och hur vi uppfattar omvärlden; datorer, mobiltelefoner, Internet, rymdfart, våra upptäckter om universums barndom och avlägsna galaxer samt vår insyn i kvantfenomenens mikroskopiska värld. Idag står vi på tröskeln till en era formad av nanotWe live in a time of rapid scientific and technological advancement. People liv- ing 100 years ago could never dream of inventions like those having completely changed our way of life, and our perception of the world; computers, mobile phones, the Internet, space travel, unraveling the mysteries of the early universe and distant galaxies, and our insight into the microscopic world of quantum phe-

Widespread discrimination across much of sub-Saharan Africa against persons with same-sex sexuality, including recent attempts in Uganda to extend criminal sanctions against same-sex behavior, are likely to have profound effects on this group’s health, health care access, and well-being. Yet knowledge of the prevalence of same-sex sexuality in this region is scarce. This study aimed to systematicaWidespread discrimination across much of sub-Saharan Africa against persons with same-sex sexuality, including recent attempts in Uganda to extend criminal sanctions against same-sex behavior, are likely to have profound effects on this group’s health, health care access, and well-being. Yet knowledge of the prevalence of same-sex sexuality in this region is scarce. This study aimed to systematica

Ett antal superkontinenter har existerat under jordens 4.6 Ga ( miljarder år gamla ) historia. Utav dessa är superkontinenten Pangea, som betyder ”allt land”, den senaste och mest väldefinierade. Bildning och uppsprickning av superkontinenter drivs av plattektoniska processer som i sin tur beror på strömningar ( konvektion ) i jordens mantel. Förutom dessa processer så anses numera mantelplymer haEarth history is punctuated by a series of events of supercontinent amalgamation and break-up. Fragments of old continents display rifted margins and orogenic sutures that testify their involvement in supercontinent cycles. Periods of break-up are associated with widespread magmatism due to extensional thinning and rifting of the lithosphere and in some instances the arrival of mantle plumes. Mant

Popular Abstract in Swedish Under livets gång utsätts vi för en mängd exponeringar som påverkar vår hälsa. I denna avhandling har vi försökt förstå hur olika exponeringar påverkar risken för celiaki (glutenintolerans) hos barn. Vi har utnyttjat information i nationella register och använt epidemiologiska metoder. Med ett socialepidemiologiskt tankesätt lyfter vi blicken från individen till att äveCeliac disease is a chronic gastrointestinal disease affecting approximately 1% of the population. It is precipitated in genetically predisposed individuals by ingestion of food containing gluten or similar proteins that are present in wheat, rye and barley. The disease might present with symtoms such as malnutrition, diarrhea or abdominal bloating, but a large proportion of those afflicted by the

Popular Abstract in Swedish Systemiska biomarkörer hos patienter med aortaaneurysm. Kroppspulsådern eller aorta är huvudstammen som för syrerikt blod från hjärtat till perifera delar av kroppen. Kroppspulsåderbråck (aneurysm) i buken kännetecknas av försvagning i kärlväggen som i sin tur leder till vidgning av kroppspulsådern. Aneurysm är fyra gånger vanligare hos män än hos kvinnor över 65 års ålAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) develops in 3-6% of the population over 65 years and affects mainly men. AAA has a complex etiology involving inflammation, proteolysis, fibrinolysis and coagulation. The general aim of the present thesis was to study the associations between markers of inflammation, proteolysis, fibrinolysis and coagulation with aneurysm size and growth. In paper I associations bet

Popular Abstract in Swedish Stamceller är unika celler som har möjlighet att både förnya sig själva och ge upphov till en mängd mogna celler. Den ultimata stamcellen är det befruktade ägget, som är den cell som efter omfattande celldelning kommer att ge upphov till alla vävnader och celler i den färdigutvecklade kroppen. Dessa celler kallas därför pluripotenta. Även i den färdigutvecklade kroppen Hematopoiesis is the process of blood formation that originates with the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), a cell type that is responsible for the life-long supply of mature blood cells. HSCs are defined by their ability to self-renew as well as giving rise to differentiated cells of all blood lineages. Because of these features, HSCs are also the basis for bone marrow transplantation regimens for tr

Gene therapy is a promising therapeutic tool for many diseases of the CNS. Lentiviral vectors are particularly attractive since this vector type can transduce both dividing and non-dividing cells, have a relatively large cloning capacity, can sustain long-term transgene expression and have low immunogenicity. The specificity of the vector is however important to avoid potential off-target effects

Popular Abstract in Swedish Populärvetenskaplig svensk sammanfattning Har allvarliga infektioner orsakade av bakterien Haemophilus influenzae försvunnit? En undertyp av H. influenzae, typ b (Hib), var tidigare en fruktad orsak till struplocksinflammation, hjärnhinneinflammation och svår blodförgiftning hos små barn. Problemet var så stort att allmän vaccination mot Hib infördes i många länder i böWhat is the current status of Haemophilus influenzae as an agent of invasive infection in Sweden? H. influenzae type b (Hib) used to be a common cause of meningitis, epiglottitis and severe sepsis in young children. In the late 1980’s an effective conjugated vaccine against Hib was developed and a dramatic fall in Hib incidence was observed in countries that implemented vaccination. This includes

Popular Abstract in Swedish Det elektriska kraftsystemets uppgift är att ge konsumenter en säker och stabil energitillgång till lägsta möjliga kostnad. Sett ur ett ingenjörsperspektiv tillkommer några extra krav såsom att variationerna i spänning och frekvens skall vara acceptabla, samt att enstaka komponenters kapacitetsgränser ej överskrids. Om dessa krav ej uppfylls kan detta leda till leveransThis thesis deals with various aspects of coordinated voltage control in electric power systems. It consists of an introduction and six papers. The introduction contains a summary of the thesis and tutorials on voltage control and the search methods that have been applied. The first part deals with the coordination of cascaded tap changers in radial distribution feeders. A tuning rule for the con