Search results

Background: Few longitudinal studies investigate predictors of substance use incidence among immigrants. The current study describes substance use disorders in immigrants to Sweden, focusing on drinking culture in the country of origin and socioeconomic status (SES), and how these intersect with generational status to influence risk. Methods: Using pseudonymized Swedish population registry data, w

Background and purpose — Strenuous efforts to minimize postoperative infection rates have been made, including the Swedish nationwide initiative Prosthesis Related Infections Shall be Stopped (PRISS). This study calculated the incidence rate of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) before and after PRISS. Patients and methods — All 45,438 primary TKAs

We consider the solution of the subset sum problem based on a parallel computer consisting of self-propelled biological agents moving in a nanostructured network that encodes the computing task in its geometry. We develop an approximate analytical method to analyze the effects of small errors in the nonideal junctions composing the computing network by using a Gaussian confidence interval approxim

Nanowire solar cells have the potential to reach the same efficiencies as the world-record III-V solar cells while using a fraction of the material. For solar energy harvesting, large-area nanowire solar cells have to be processed. In this work, we demonstrate the synthesis of epitaxial InP nanowire arrays on a 2 inch wafer. We define five array areas with different nanowire diameters on the same

We present an optical design study on a nanowire heterojunction bipolar transistor solar cell. The simple structure of this novel architecture of double-junction solar cell, allows for independent power extraction from the two junctions and makes the nanowire growth easier than in current-matched double-junction solar cells as there is no need for tunnel junctions and only three main semiconductor

III-V semiconductors are commonly used for a variety of optical applications, such as LED based lights and solar sells. Most III-V semiconductors, such as GaAs and InP, exhibit the zinc-blende (zb) crystal structure, but in the form of nanowires it is also possible to create them in the wurtzite (wz) crystal structure. This allows for the creation of novel heterostructures consisting of the same c

Information-to-energy conversion with feedback measurement stands as one of the most intriguing aspects of the thermodynamics of information in the nanoscale. To date, experiments have focused on feedback protocols for work extraction. Here we address the novel case of dissipation reduction in nonequilibrium systems with feedback. We perform pulling experiments on DNA hairpins with optical tweezer

Mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous heavy metal that originates from both natural and anthropogenic sources and is transformed in the environment to its most toxicant form, methylmercury (MeHg). Recent studies suggest that MeHg exposure can alter epigenetic modifications during embryogenesis. In this study, we examined associations between prenatal MeHg exposure and levels of cord blood DNA methylation (

The impact of age and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (ABPM) on arterial stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in ischemic stroke patients younger than 60 years of age is poorly explored. A total of 385 acute ischemic stroke patients (aged 49.6±9.7 years, 68% men) were prospectively included and grouped in younger (15–44 years, n = 93) and middle-aged (45–60 years, n = 292). Arterial

Insects have evolved diverse and remarkable strategies for navigating in various ecologies all over the world. Regardless of species, insects share the presence of a group of morphologically conserved neuropils known collectively as the central complex (CX). The CX is a navigational center, involved in sensory integration and coordinated motor activity. Despite the fact that our understanding of n

Insect neuroscience generates vast amounts of highly diverse data, of which only a small fraction are findable, accessible and reusable. To promote an open data culture, we have therefore developed the InsectBrainDatabase (IBdb), a free online platform for insect neuroanatomical and functional data. The IBdb facilitates biological insight by enabling effective cross-species comparisons, by linking

Josephson junctions have broad applications in metrology, quantum information processing, and remote sensing. For these applications, the electronic noise is a limiting factor. In this work we study the thermal noise in narrow Josephson junctions using a tight-binding Hamiltonian. For a junction longer than the superconducting coherence length, several self-consistent gap profiles appear close to

Background How does genetic liability to suicide attempt (SA), suicide death (SD), major depression (MD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SZ), alcohol use disorder (AUD), and drug use disorder (DUD) impact on risk for SA and SD? Methods In the Swedish general population born 1932-1995 and followed through 2017 (n = 7 661 519), we calculate family genetic risk scores (FGRS) for SA, SD, MD, BD

Accurate and efficient quantum control in the presence of constraints and decoherence is a requirement and a challenge in quantum information processing. Shortcuts to adiabaticity, originally proposed to speed up the slow adiabatic process, have nowadays become versatile toolboxes for preparing states or controlling the quantum dynamics. Unique shortcut designs are required for each quantum system

This thesis aims to expand on the fundamental knowledge of crystal growth, selectively focusing on the area of particle-seeded nanowire growth in the III-V materials system. The growth process is complex. It typically occurs via the vapor-liquid-solid method, wherein growth material is supplied in the vapor phase, but the solidification process occurs dynamically, layer by layer, via an intermedia

Epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to idiopathic scoliosis (IS). We identified 8 monozygotic twin pairs with IS, 6 discordant (Cobb angle difference >10°) and 2 concordant (Cobb angle difference ≤2°). Genome‐wide methylation in blood was measured with the Infinium HumanMethylation EPIC Beadchip. We tested for differences in methylation and methylation variability between discordant twins and tes

Industrial catalysts are often comprised of nanoparticles supported on high-surface-area oxides, in order to maximise the catalytically active surface area and thereby utilise the active material better. These nanoparticles expose steps and corners that, due to low coordination to neighboring atoms, are more reactive and, as a consequence, are often assumed to have higher catalytic activity. We ha