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This investigation concerns written output produced by Swedish learners of English as a second language (L2) and French as a third language (L3). The analysed texts were rated according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), which is a widespread and language-independent document commonly used to assess communicative competence based on six main proficiency levels (A1,
Syftet med studien är att analysera och förklara hur händelser knutna till avregleringarna påverkat SJ AB i dess strategiutveckling mellan åren 2001-2014. Vidare har vi med studien avsett att förklara hur bolaget arbetat för att implementera strategierna i verksamheten utifrån ett antal ekonomistyrningsverktyg. Resultatet av studien visar att SJ AB i dess strategiutveckling i flera fall avsett at
Att härleda ett internationellt illegalt handlande till en viss stat och hålla denna ansvarig är ett komplext problem i folkrätten. Det oklara rättsläget kompliceras ytterligare när aspekter av cyberoperationer introduceras med den snabba globala teknologiska utvecklingen. Rättsläget som det ser ut just nu är baserat på doktrin och sekundärrätt, där vikt läggs vid den tekniska bevisningen för att Attributing internationally wrongful acts to a particular State and liability is a complex problem in international law. The already unclear legal situation is further complicated when aspects of cyber operations are introduced with the rapid global technological development. To hold a State liable for the actions of non-State actors in cyberspace, we can only use secondary law and doctrine. The l
In Sweden, the food and agricultural sector is highly concentrated, especially in the food refinement and retail sectors, with a few major actors holding significant market power. This concentration poses challenges for smaller agri-food companies in Skåne, Sweden. This thesis aims to in depth exploring the challenges smaller agri-food companies face today. The thesis employs a case study approach
The purpose of this study is to examine how the capital structure in swedish listed firms changed during the Corona-crisis. The study focuses on the years 2017-2022 to compare before and during the crisis. The study also uses six control variables to capture changes in capital structure. To compare capital structure, the study uses three types of debt ratios, total, short and long term leverage. T
The situation for the environment is in many ways dire. However, amidst all the negative environmental developments it is easy to neglect the successes that have actually happened. With the aim of better understanding what factors facilitated such a success this thesis analyses one such case, namely emissions of dioxins and chlorinated waste from the pulp and paper industry in Sweden. Dioxins were
On the 23 September 2020 the European Commission launched the Pact on Migration and Asylum, introducing five legislative proposals, which inter alia aim at ensuring that only people with clear protection needs enter the European Union (EU). To reach this objective, the European Commission introduced a so-called pre-entry phase, consisting of firstly, the proposed screening procedure, a five-day pr
Over the past two decades, immigrant-receiving countries have been confronted with honour crimes. In a number of Western European countries, there have been cases of police failure to intervene in cases of honour crimes occurring in migrant communities. The authorities responses to honour crimes have consistently been inadequate, as they do not take victims of honour crimes seriously and fail to p
När metoo-rörelsen fick sitt genombrott i Sverige år 2017 förändrades det offentliga samtalet på internet. Sociala medier används under denna period i stor utsträckning för att dela personliga berättelser. I ett av de mest uppmärksammade målen publicerade en journalist ett flertal inlägg på sociala medier där en medieman utpekades som våldtäktsman. Publiceringarna resulterade i en fällande dom för
Background and problem: In October 2010 the European Commission issued a Green Paper on Audit Policy in which they set out to draw lessons of the auditors’ role in the recent financial crisis. The European Commission considers the function of the audit to be a key contributor to investor confidence and suggests a number of controversial measures with the aim of ensuring financial stability in the
Carbon emissions have recently been put under the spotlight since it is widely accepted that global warming is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, of which carbon dioxide is the main component. One of the fastest rising sources of emissions from carbon emissions is the transport sector, with emissions often rising faster than the GDP growth rates of developing countries. The estimated shar
In the face of contemporary challenges such as globalization, climate crisis and a shifting labour market, digital technology is often presented as a solution and enabler for innovation. This is the case also within the area of higher education (HE), as universities are expected to adjust to societal trends framed as the knowledge-intensive economy, increased individualization, life-long learning
Grandparents’ involvement in their adult children’s families has increased in recent decades, especially in relation to care arrangements around grandchildren. This ‘new army of proxy parents’ calls for the need to critically analyse grandparental care. Drawing on a study on intergenerational care in Sweden, involving grandparents, adult children and grandchildren (63 interviewees including 28 gra
