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Background: The limitations of serum testosterone and estradiol (E-2) measurements using nonextraction platform immunoassays (IAs) are widely recognized. Switching to more specific mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods has been advocated, but directly comparative data on the two methods are scarce. Methods: We compared serum testosterone and E-2 measurements in a large sample of middle-aged/elderly
Uppsatsen ?Hur mår du lilla hjärnan?? syftar till att klargöra varför det finns få kvinnliga chefer på toppnivå inom den offentliga sektorn. Studiens första del utgörs av en litteraturstudie där vi utifrån teorier om glastaket, könsmärkta organisationer samt socialkonstruktivism, fastställer rådande ledarskapsdiskurs samt klarlägger de hinder som är mest relevanta. Studiens andra del är empirisk o
According to many scholars America's soft power is in decline, a power resource whose importance has been increasing in world politics. This makes it interesting to examine if there is a difference between how Democratic and Republican administrations wield their soft power. This thesis is a hypothesis-testing study and the purpose is to test the hypothesis that Democratic administrations, to
The study field of the thesis is regional integration in Africa. The focus is set on the African Union (AU) and its main programme for promoting democracy on the continent, the New Partnership for Africa´s Development (NEPAD). By applying two theories, one on democratization through regional organizations and the other on hidden agendas within them, the thesis makes an assessment on the work for d
This thesis is a case study of a Spanish castle called Aljafería. The objective of the study was to develop the mediation of this particular castle and to construct a research design that could be used to develop the mediation of other architectural heritage visitor attractions. The research design emerged during the course of the case study, using a grounded method perspective. The most dominant
The main purpose of this paper was to attempt to explain and to understand the causes of various types of eating disorders. The intention of the essay was to examine who are the different parties acting in this particular field that through research or other kinds of work, come to meet individuals that suffer from some kind of eating disorder. The aim was to explore the different concepts used wi
The ongoing Europeanisation is readily identifiable in our day-to-day life. Particularly in the field of law, the elaboration of a uniform and harmonised European private law is promoted and a truly European legal science is forced. Yet, comparative law and unification of law have concentrated on certain areas, which include mainly commercial law and related areas of civil law. The main issue of t
This thesis analyses whether intellectual property rights promote or restrain technology transfer to developing countries and what effect the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement have on technology transfer to developing countries. Technology transfer is traditionally used as a means to increase the technological knowledge of countries, and there hav
Austria, Finland and Sweden became members of the EU in 1995. This paper examines how support for the euro and trust in the European Central Bank (ECB) have evolved in these three countries since their introduction at the turn of the century. Support for the euro in the two euro-area members Austria and Finland has remained high and relatively stable since the physical introduction of the new curr
This paper aimed to study the agreement and repeatability, both intra- and interobserver, of infrapopliteal lesion assessment with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), using the TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) II criteria, with perioperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as a reference. Sixty-eight patients with an MRA preceding an endovascular infrapopliteal revascularizatio
BACKGROUND Limited information exists about the epidemiology and outcome of surgical patients at increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), and how intraoperative ventilation was managed in these patients. OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of surgical patients at increased risk of PPCs, and to compare the intraoperative ventilation management and postoperative outcomes w
Background and objective To study the cumulative incidence and surgical treatment of midline incisional hernia (MIH) after cystectomy for bladder cancer. Methods In the nationwide Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe), cystectomy was performed in 5646 individuals. Cumulative incidence MIH and surgery for MIH were investigated in relation to age, gender, comorbidity, previous laparotomy and
BACKGROUND: An adequate amount of prepaid resources for health is important to ensure access to health services and for the pursuit of universal health coverage. Previous studies on global health financing have described the relationship between economic development and health financing. In this study, we further explore global health financing trends and examine how the sources of funds used, typ
Objectives: Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of vedolizumab in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, these findings may not reflect the clinical practice. Therefore, we aimed to describe a vedolizumab-treated patient population and assess long-term effectiveness. Materials and methods: Patients initiating vedolizumab between 1 June 2014 and 30 May 2015 were identified through th
