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Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be differentiated into many different cell types of the central nervous system. One challenge when using pluripotent stem cells is to develop robust and efficient differentiation protocols that result in homogenous cultures of the desired cell type. Here, we have utilized the SMAD-inhibitors SB431542 and Noggin in a
Background: Informed consent is a prerequisite for patients included in clinical trials. Trial design, inclusion criteria and legal requirements are increasingly complex. This complexity challenges design and delivery of written and oral trial information to ensure understandable information. To evaluate the level of concordance between patients' and informing physicians' assessments regarding pat
By examining the arguments presented in courts and in print media to support and oppose the introduction of conscientious objection for healthcare workers in Sweden, this article illustrates the ways in which interest groups may take advantage of expanding opportunity structures in the wake of internationalization, all the while framing their arguments in ways that create resonance with national a
This textbook advocates patients’ empowerment for improving health outcomes and health system performance. It emphasizes the important implications of improving communication between patient and health professionals and the adherence to treatment regimens. Based on research including theories of Stages of Change and Decision Balance, and by incorporating examples from daily clinical practice, this
The datasets presented here enable historical longitudinal studies of micro-level geographic factors in a rural setting. These types of datasets are new, as historical demography studies have generally failed to properly include the micro-level geographic factors. Our datasets describe the geography over five Swedish rural parishes and a geocoded population (at the property unit level) for this ar
The objective of this study is to estimate the number of deaths attributable to cardiovascular diseases and diet-related cancers that could be prevented or delayed in the Nordic countries, i.e., Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Iceland, if adults adhere to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR). A sex- and age-group specific epidemiological macro-simulation model was used to estimate the
Cell replacement is currently being explored as a therapeutic approach for neurodegenerative disease. Using stem cells as a source, transplantable progenitors can now be generated under conditions compliant with clinical application in patients. In this study, we elucidate factors controlling target-appropriate innervation and circuitry integration of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived graft
Objective Neighbourhood deprivation is a recognised predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD). The overall aim was to investigate if accumulated exposure to neighbourhood deprivation resulted in higher odds of CHD. Design This is a longitudinal cohort study. Models based on repeated assessments of neighbourhood deprivation as well as single-point-in-time assessments were compared. Setting Sweden.
Inflammation is a vital response and necessary for maintaining homeostasis. Inflammation protects against tissue damage and pathogens-but is also one of the main driving forces of the atherosclerotic plaque progression. How and why the inflammatory response is initiated in the atherosclerotic disease is not fully known, but evidence suggests modified lipids as potential antigens activating the imm
Using functional imaging and neural circuit reconstructions, a recent study reveals head direction neurons in the anterior hindbrain of zebrafish that resemble insect head-direction cells to a surprising degree.
The circulation is a closed system that has been assumed to be free from bacteria, but evidence for the existence of a low-density blood microbiota is accumulating. The present study aimed to map the blood microbiota of outpatients with Crohn’s disease (CD) or with ulcerative colitis (UC) by 16S metagenomics. A diverse microbiota was observed in the blood samples. Regardless of the type of disease
The brain is the key organ that orchestrates the stress response which translates to the retina. The retina is an extension of the brain and retinal symptoms in subjects with neurodegenerative diseases substantiated the eye as a window to the brain. The retina is used in this study to determine whether chronic stress reflects neurodegenerative signs indicative of neurodegenerative conditions. A 3-
α-Synuclein (α-Syn), is an intrinsically disordered protein present in the substantia nigra part of the brain. α-Syn is commonly known to associate with lipid membranes containing anionic lipids. Hence, the protein is hypothesized to be involved in the vesicle trafficking at the synapses, but there are yet many unanswered questions regarding the full physiological role of the protein. During the d
It has been a mystery that the detected fluorescence intensity of single MEH-PPV molecules is much lower than expected based on their chain length. In this review, after re-evaluating of the literature data in the light of new specially designed experiments, we present a comprehensive explanation of this issue: The actual size of MEH-PPV molecules at single molecule level is much smaller than expe
Tendons are collagen-based connective tissues where the composition, structure and mechanics respond and adapt to the local mechanical environment. Adaptation to prolonged inactivity can result in stiffer tendons that are more prone to injury. However, the complex relation between reduced loading, structure, and mechanical performance is still not fully understood. This study combines mechanical t
Attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy has opened up for studying light–matter interaction on ultrafast time scales. It is often performed with interferometric experimental setups that require outstanding stability. We demonstrate and characterize in detail an actively stabilized, versatile, high spectral resolution attosecond beamline based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The active stabilizatio
Background: The development of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) as a framework for work-based training and assessment in undergraduate medical education has become popular. EPAs are defined as units of a professional activity requiring adequate knowledge, skills, and attitudes, with a recognized output of professional labor, independently executable within a time frame, observable and me
Photo-induced cross-linking of unmodified proteins (PICUP) has been used in the past to study size distributions of protein assemblies. PICUP may, for example, overcome the significant experimental challenges related to the transient nature, heterogeneity, and low concentration of amyloid protein oligomers relative to monomeric and fibrillar species. In the current study, a reaction chamber was de
A 1-m normal-incidence monochromator has been designed and installed on a bending-magnet beam line at the MAX storage ring in Lund. The optical properties of the beam line have been investigated via ray-tracing studies and with flux measurements of the beam line-monochromator combination. A resolution of 0.9 Å at 919.8 Å was measured in first-order diffraction with an argon hollow-cathode lamp for
BACKGROUND: A multifunctional diet (MFD) combining foods and ingredients with proven functional properties, such as fatty fish and fiber-rich foods, among others, was developed and shown to markedly reduce cardiometabolic risk-associated factors.OBJECTIVE: Here, we aim at examining metabolic physiological changes associated with these improvements.METHODS: Adult overweight individuals without othe
