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The EU’s fiscal rules, set out in the Maastricht Treaty of 1993 and the Stability and Growth Pact of 1997, are anchored to GDP. The debt ceiling and the deficit threshold are set to 60 percent and 3 percent of GDP, respectively. Recently, prominent economists and policymakers, have argued that that the debt ceiling should be raised due to falling bond yields. By extension, this argument suggests a

Governmental policies and business models are considered key elements for a transition to a circular economy. In current literature, there is a lack of understanding on how these two elements interact and how this understanding is used to accelerate the realisation of a circular economy. We shed light on this issue by conducting a systematic review of the literature in combination with a literatur

Background: Although housing accessibility is associated with important health outcomes in other populations, few studies have addressed this in a Parkinson’s disease population. Aim: To determine the most severe environmental barriers in terms of housing accessibility problems and how these evolved over 3 years among people with Parkinson’s disease. Material and Methods: 138 participants were inc

Within the grand sandstone quarries of Gebel el-Silsila is a vast amount of unique symbolic representations; stylized iconographic and pseudo-scripted signs and marks that to some extent signify deities and their protection against demons, evil and mishaps. Like written protective formulae, these marks were placed within the quarries to symbolically safe-keep the quarry workers, and for expressing

The development of process parameters and scanning strategies for bulk metallic glass formation during additive manufacturing is time-consuming and costly. It typically involves trials with varying settings and destructive testing to evaluate the final phase structure of the experimental samples. In this study, we present an alternative method by modelling to predict the influence of the process p

BACKGROUND: Phaeochromocytoma is sometimes not diagnosed before surgery and may present as an adrenal incidentaloma. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in clinical presentation and perioperative outcome in patients with subclinical and symptomatic phaeochromocytoma, and in patients operated with and without preoperative α-blockade. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational

Unlike misfolding in neurodegenerative diseases, aggregation of functional amyloids involved in bacterial biofilm, e.g. CsgA (E. coli) and FapC (Pseudomonas), is carefully regulated. However, it is unclear whether functional aggregation is inhibited by chaperones targeting pathological misfolding and if so by what mechanism. Here we analyze how four entirely different human chaperones or protein m

A system we denote Seg2Pose is presented which converts pixel coordinate tracks, represented by instance segmentation masks across multiple video frames, into world coordinate pose tracks, for road users seen by static surveillance cameras. The road users are bound to a ground surface represented by a number of 3D points and does not necessarily have to be perfectly flat. The system works with one

Transport energy conservation research in urban transport systems dates back principally to the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries’ (OPEC) “Arab Oil Embargo” (1973–1974) and the Iranian revolution (1979), when global oil supplies became threatened and costs rose steeply. Two subsequent Gulf Wars (1991 and 2003) highlighted the dangerous geo-political dimensions of Middle-Eastern oil

Estimation or measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is generally required for optimal treatment of patients. Plasma creatinine has been used for estimation of GFR since 1926 and plasma cystatin C since 1979. The creatinine level is strongly dependent upon muscle mass and as the average muscle mass of dif- ferent populations may vary, creatinine-based GFR-estimating equations have since 1

The electrification of road bound transport is to some extent limited by the large cost of the energy storage required on-board the vehicles, i.e., the cost of the battery. One way of reducing the required capacity of the on-board energy storage is to enable the possibility to supply the vehicles with electrical energy while it is moving, also called dynamic charging. The energy transfer is usuall

PURPOSE: To compare two aflibercept treatment regimens and the electrophysiological outcome concerning cone and rod function in age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) over 18 months.METHODS: 41 patients with treatment-naïve nAMD were randomized 1:1 to either arm 1 or 2. Arm 1 received three consecutive monthly aflibercept injections, followed by bimonthly treatment until week 52. Thereafter, a tr

Canada is one of the only nations in the world that offers universal health coverage that excludes outpatient prescription drug services. This means that citizens may find out their diagnosis free of charge, but must incur out-of-pocket expenses for prescription drugs dispensed outside of hospitals. This paper examines the prevalence of prescription drug coverage in Canada across various socioecon

Estimation of GPP in Sudan using the evaporative fraction as water stress factor The Gross Primary Production "GPP" quantifies the amount of carbon entering an ecosystem. It is an ecosystem service since it is a source of energy for all organisms and it is estimated to reduce atmospheric CO2 in about 123 Pg C per year at the global scale. Therefore, the improvement of estimation methods

The complexity of climate change creates a need for multifunctional solutions. Urban farming is a tool with potential for adapting and transitioning society. While not a new phenomenon, the incentives have changed and therefore contemporary characteristics for urban farming need to be further examined. This study analyzes how urban farms are valued and central barriers together with drivers. Opera

Over the last decade, financial disclosure and its impact on equity markets has increasingly become an area of interest. Firms suffering from poor operating performance have been shown to disclose bias earnings estimates as a means of evading negative market reactions. In this thesis, we attempt to discern whether managers purposefully bias their earnings estimates in periods of credit quality det

The interest of this research lies in the nexus between the state and the individual in providing social care for people searching asylum in Finland. The study explores the experiences of host families involved in offering home accommodation for asylum seekers. More specifically, it aims to understand the subjective role that host families assign to themselves when providing social care for this t