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Denna uppsats handlar om en grupp flyktingar som blivit utsatta för etnisk rensning av bosnienserbiska soldater under kriget i Ljubija, en stad i nordvästra Bosnien. Flyktingarna är bosnienmuslimer och bosnienkroater till sin etnicitet. Efter kriget har de återvänt till Ljubija som nu kontrolleras av bosnienserber. Syftet med uppsatsen är att försöka upptäcka och beskriva de problematiska sociala

Background When acute coronary syndrome (ACS) cannot be ruled out, emergency department (ED) patients with chest pain are admitted for in-hospital observation because of the risk of complications such as arrhythmia and acute heart failure. A study was undertaken to compare the ability of three risk prediction models to identify patients at a very low risk of complications. Methods 559 consecutive

Accurate assessment of energy expenditure (EE) is important for the study of energy balance and metabolic disorders. Combined heart rate (HR) and acceleration (ACC) sensing may increase precision of physical activity EE (PAEE) which is the most variable component of total EE (TEE).

To examine the validity of the Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire (RPAQ) which assesses physical activity (PA) in 4 domains (leisure, work, commuting, home) during past month.

To make well-informed decisions on the implementation of solar energy on roofs within the urban environment, a new method was developed and described that could support such decision-making. This method takes both the mutual shading and shading from external objects into account. The method consists of the following six steps: 1) construction of the scene, 2) performance of annual solar irradiatioTo make well-informed decisions on the implementationof solar energy on roofs within the urban environment, anew method was developed and described that couldsupport such decision-making. This method takes both themutual shading and shading from external objects intoaccount. The method consists of the following six steps:1) construction of the scene, 2) performance of annualsolar irradiation analy

Resected hippocampal tissue from patients with drug-resistant epilepsy presents a unique possibility to test novel treatment strategies directly in target tissue. The post-resection time for testing and analysis however is normally limited. Acute tissue slices allow for electrophysiological recordings typically up to 12 hours. To enable longer time to test novel treatment strategies such as, e.g.,

Detailed phenotyping is required to deepen our understanding of the biological mechanisms behind genetic associations. In addition, the impact of potentially modifiable risk factors on disease requires analytical frameworks that allow causal inference. Here, we discuss the characteristics of Recall-by-Genotype (RbG) as a study design aimed at addressing both these needs. We describe two broad scen

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is widespread, affecting the health of hundreds of millions worldwide. The disease results from the complex interplay of lifestyle factors acting on a backdrop of inherited DNA risk variants. Detecting and understanding biomarkers, whether genotypes or other downstream biological features that dictate a person's phenotypic response to different lifestyle exposures, may have t

In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Peruzzotti-Jametti et al. (2018) demonstrate how neural stem cells, transplanted in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, respond to extracellular succinate and modulate neuroinflammation by releasing anti-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 and scavenging succinate. This mechanism reduces CNS damage and ameliorates motor impairment. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Peruz

Recent genetic studies have identified alleles associated with opposite effects on adiposity and risk of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to identify more of these variants and test the hypothesis that such favorable adiposity alleles are associated with higher subcutaneous fat and lower ectopic fat. We combined MRI data with genome-wide association studies of body fat percentage (%) and metabolic traits

Objective: Glucose dysregulation is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disease development through synaptic dysfunction resulting in cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to study the interplay between impaired glycaemic metabolism (hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance), cardiac stress (cardiac troponin T and N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide) and execut

Aims: The present study aimed to investigate if set thresholds in the Swedish heat-wave warning system are valid for all parts of Sweden and if the heat-wave warning system captures a potential increase in all-cause mortality and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality. An additional aim was to investigate whether neighbourhood deprivation modifies the relationship between heat waves and mortality.

Aim: To evaluate whether history of pregnancy complications [pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, preterm delivery, or small for gestational age (SGA)] improves risk prediction for cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods and results: This population-based, prospective cohort study linked data from the HUNT Study, Medical Birth Registry of Norway, validated hospital records, and Norwegian Cause of

Smoking is a major heritable and modifiable risk factor for many diseases, including cancer, common respiratory disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Fourteen genetic loci have previously been associated with smoking behaviour-related traits. We tested up to 235,116 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) on the exome-array for association with smoking initiation, cigarettes per day, pack-years, and sm

Although grade inflation is unfair and may imply inefficient allocation of human resources, current knowledge of grade inflation effects on individual outcomes is scarce. One explanation is probably the challenge of measuring and estimating causal grade inflation effects. This study examines the consequences of grade inflation at the upper secondary education level on enrolment in higher education

Objective: The individual enabling and support (IES) model was effective in gaining competitive employment for people with affective disorders compared with traditional vocational rehabilitation (TVR) services in a randomized controlled trial in a Swedish setting. The object of this study is to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of IES comparing to TVR. Methods: We considered the costs of inter

Aim: To assess practical implications of genotype-based recall (GBR) studies, an increasingly popular approach for in-depth characterization of genotype–phenotype relationships. Methods: We genotyped 2500 participants from the Swedish EpiHealth cohort and considered loss-of-function and missense variants in genes with relation to cardiometabolic traits as the basis for our GBR study. Therefore, we

Objective: To examine associations between trabecular bone (TB) texture and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-defined osteophytes in finger joints without radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) using an augmented variance orientation transform (AVOT) method. Design: In a cross-sectional study, associations of the TB texture and osteophytes were examined in 21 women with mean (standard deviation) age of 6