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Background. Antimicrobial stewardship programs are increasingly implemented in hospital care. They aim to simultaneously optimize outcomes for individual patients with infections and reduce financial and health-associated costs of overuse of antibiotics. Few studies have examined the effects of antimicrobial stewardship programs in settings with low proportions of antimicrobial resistance, such as

Nanoscale contacts between metals and semiconductors are critical for further downscaling of electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, realizing nanocontacts poses significant challenges since conventional approaches to achieve ohmic contacts through Schottky barrier suppression are often inadequate. Here we report the realization and characterization of low n-type Schottky barriers (~0.35 e

Background: To study costs and outcome for serious hand and arm injuries during the first year after the trauma. Methods: In patients with a Hand Injury Severity Score (HISS) > 50, DASH and EQ-5D scores as well as factors related to costs within the health care sector, costs due to lost production and total costs were evaluated. Coxregression analysis stratifying for mechanism of injury was used t

We present a study of InAs/InSb heterostructured nanowires by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and in-vacuum electrical measurements. Starting with pristine nanowires covered only by the native oxide formed through exposure to ambient air, we investigate the effect of atomic hydrogen cleaning on the surface chemistry and electrical performance. We find t

Hematopoiesis is a tightly regulated process in which hematopoietic stem cells reside at the apex of the hierarchy, and produce all kinds of mature blood cells by differentiation to replenish the cell loss in homeostasis and acute injury. In past few decades, much effort has been made to purify hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and lineagecommitted progenitor cells both in mouse and human, enabling

Here we present unequivocal experimental proof that microscale cofactor- and membrane-less, direct electron transfer based enzymatic fuel cells do produce significant amounts of electrical energy in human lachrymal liquid (tears). 100μm diameter gold wires, covered with 17nm gold nanoparticles, were used to fashion three-dimensional nanostructured microelectrodes, which were biomodified with Coryn

BACKGROUND:: The use of league tables during the last decade has frequently been employed to assess quality in health care. However, few studies have attempted to assess quality by quantifying the variability across the organizational units or attempted to investigate whether the units are the correct context that really influences the outcome under study. OBJECTIVES:: To quantify the variation be

Importance Active perinatal care increases survival of extremely preterm infants; however, improved survival might be associated with increased disability among survivors. Objective To determine neurodevelopmental outcome in extremely preterm children at 2.5 years (corrected age). Design, Setting, and Participants Population-based prospective cohort of consecutive extremely preterm infants born be

Increased red cell distribution width (RDW) has been related to poor prognosis in patients with cardiovascular disease, and is a predictor of cardiovascular mortality in the general population. The purpose of the present study was to investigate if RDW is associated with increased incidence of stroke and its subtypes in individuals from the general population.

Multiexciton absorption cross sections are important for analysis of a number of experiments, including multiple exciton generation and stimulated emisson. We present a rigorous method to determine these cross sections using transient absorption (TA) measurements. We apply the method to CdSe quantum dots (QDs) and core–shell (CdSe)ZnS QDs. The method involves measuring TA dynamics for various exci

Cadmium is a non-essential toxic metal with multiple adverse health effects. Cadmium has been shown to be associated with cardiovascular diseases, but few studies have investigated heart failure (HF) and none of them reported atrial fibrillation (AF). We examined whether cadmium exposure is associated with incidence of HF or AF.

Background : Currently, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended for all HIV-positive patients with tuberculosis (TB). The timing of ART during the course of anti-TB treatment is based on CD4 cell counts. Access to CD4 cell testing is not universally available; this constitutes an obstacle for the provision of ART in low-income countries. Objective : To determine clinical variables associated w

Cadmium is a pollutant with multiple adverse health effects: renal dysfunction, osteoporosis and fractures, cancer, and probably cardiovascular disease. Some studies have reported associations between cadmium and impaired fasting glucose and diabetes. However, this relationship is controversial and there is a lack of longitudinal studies.

The aim of this thesis is to examine the role of early life environments for a variety of individual-level health and socioeconomic outcomes in contemporary Sweden. Ever-expanding human lifespans have contributed to the emergence of novel socio-health phenomena confronting contemporary Swedish society. A new research framework has emerged in the last 30 years suggesting that individuals’ ability t

To evaluate the safety of benzodiazepines and opioids in patients with very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy we study the atomic scale geometry and electronic structure of GaAs nanowires exhibiting controlled axial stacking of wurtzite (Wz) and zinc blende (Zb) crystal segments. We find that the nonpolar low-index surfaces {110}, {101̅0}, and {112̅0} are unreconstructed, unpinned, and without states in the band gap region. Direct comparison between Wz

Lifestyle interventions (i.e., diet and/or physical activity) are effective in delaying or preventing the onset of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, policymakers must know the cost-effectiveness of such interventions before implementing them at the large-scale population level. This review discusses various issues (e.g., characteristics, modeling, and long-term effectiveness) in the ec