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Bakgrund och syfte. Den svenska riksdagen har som ambition att till år 2020 lämna över ett samhälle till nästageneration där de stora miljöproblemen är lösta. Därför antog riksdagen år 1999 femtonnationella miljökvalitetsmål som anger vilket miljötillstånd som ska ha uppnåtts inom engeneration. Miljömålssystemet har senare kompletterats med ett sextonde miljömål samt ettantal delmål som är tidssat
Popular Abstract in Swedish Enzymet magnesium-kelatas katalyserar bildandet av magnesuim-protoporfyrin genom insättning av en magnesiumjon i protoporfyrin. Detta är det första unika steget i tillverkningen av klorofyll hos växter, alger och fotosyntetiska bakterier. Magnesium-kelatas är uppbyggt av tre olika proteiner som kallas I (vikt 40 kDa), D (70 kDa) och H (140 kDa). Tillsammans bildar dessaThe insertion of Mg2+ into protoporphyrin IX represents the first committed step in the chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll biosynthetic pathways. The reaction is catalyzed by the multisubunit enzyme Mg-chelatase, which consists of three subunits, known as I (molecular weight ~40 kDa), D (~70 kDa), and H (~140 kDa). To fully understand this first step in chlorophyll biosynthesis each protein compo
Popular Abstract in Swedish De flesta större operationer på hjärtat idag kräver att hjärtat under en del av operationen står stilla utan att blod cirkulerar igenom det. För att kunna bibehålla ett blodflöde av syresatt blod genom kroppen kopplas en hjärt-lungmaskin till patienten. Blodet förs via slangar från höger förmak först ner till ett uppsamlingskärl, varifrån blodet pumpas vidare genom en oThe use of cardiotomy suction during open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has a long tradition and often regarded as mandatory. Recently, studies have described potentially negative effects of cardiotomy suction with activation of the complement system, enhanced inflammatory response, hemolysis and coagulopathy. Emboli of various matters has also been studied. Whether they affect t
Popular Abstract in Swedish Populärvetenskaplig svensk sammanfattning Har allvarliga infektioner orsakade av bakterien Haemophilus influenzae försvunnit? En undertyp av H. influenzae, typ b (Hib), var tidigare en fruktad orsak till struplocksinflammation, hjärnhinneinflammation och svår blodförgiftning hos små barn. Problemet var så stort att allmän vaccination mot Hib infördes i många länder i böWhat is the current status of Haemophilus influenzae as an agent of invasive infection in Sweden? H. influenzae type b (Hib) used to be a common cause of meningitis, epiglottitis and severe sepsis in young children. In the late 1980’s an effective conjugated vaccine against Hib was developed and a dramatic fall in Hib incidence was observed in countries that implemented vaccination. This includes
Abstract in German Nach ihrem Amtsamtritt im September 2006 hat die schwedische Mitte-Rechts-Regierung im Januar 2007 die Beiträge zu den Arbeitslosenkassen der Gewerkschaften erheblich erhöht. Dadurch wurde es plötzlich wesentlich teurer, Mitglied in einer Gewerkschaft (und in der Arbeitslosenkasse) zu sein. Innerhalb von zwei Jahren verloren die Gewerkschaften 8% ihrer Mitglieder, der gewerkschaIn January 2007 the Swedish centre-right government in office since September 2006 raised considerably fees for union unemployment funds. Union membership (fund membership included) therefore suddenly became much more expensive. Trade unions lost 8% of their members over two years and union density fell by 6 percentage points (from 77% in 2006 to 71% in 2008), while unemployment funds were hit by
ackground: The separate spheres, in which men dominate the public sphere of politics, arts, media, and wage work and women dominate the private sphere of unpaid production and caring, is a powerful configuration in much social theory (including Parsons, Becker, and Goode), which posited that with industrialization, family structures and activities would converge towards the nuclear family with strBackground: The separate spheres, in which men dominate the public sphere of politics, arts, media, and wage work and women dominate the private sphere of unpaid production and caring, is a powerful configuration in much social theory (including Parsons, Becker, and Goode), which posited that with industrialization, family structures and activities would converge towards the nuclear family with st
Ring width (TRW) chronologies from Siberian (Pinus sibirica) and Scots (Pinus sylvestris) pine trees were sampled at Mukhrino - a large mire complex in central-western Siberia - to evaluate the impacts of hydroclimatic variability on tree growth over the last three centuries. For this purpose, we compared climate-growth correlation profiles from trees growing on peat soils with those growing on ad
Malaria parasites (Plasmodium spp.) include some of the world's most widespread and virulent pathogens. Our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms these parasites use to invade and exploit hosts other than mice and primates is, however, extremely limited. It is therefore imperative to characterize transcriptome-wide gene expression from non-model malaria parasites and how this varies across host inMalaria parasites (Plasmodium spp.) include some of the world's most widespread and virulent pathogens. Our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms these parasites use to invade and exploit hosts other than mice and primates is, however, extremely limited. It is therefore imperative to characterize transcriptome-wide gene expression from non-model malaria parasites and how this varies across host in
Då särskild lagreglering saknas för entreprenadförhållanden har organisation-en Byggandets kontraktskommitté förhandlat fram för branschen anpassade standardavtal. Både beställar- och entreprenörsidan företräds vid avtalsarbetet. Avtalet AB 04 är det för branschen viktigaste och omfattar utförandeentrepre-nader. Tidsaspekten är central eftersom förseningar kan innebära väsentliga kostna-der för bDue to the lack of regulation regarding construction contract law in Sweden, the application of standard-form contracts is common. Negotiation between representatives from both parties has resulted in the contract AB 04 which is the most important contract of the industry. A delayed contract is often associated with great expenses such as penalty or the loss of rental revenue. The fourth chapter
When a↵ected by a high spinal cord injury the first wish is to regain the ability to walk. However, in a short matter of time, the wish to use the hands increases and is considered the most desired ability to recover. The injured nerves cannot be healed, but with the use of AI technology and sensors, small preserved muscle activities can be detected. The company Tendo AB has developed a gripping a
Uppsatsen berör hur bevisvärderingen och resultatet av denna uttrycks i domskälen i avgöranden från kammarrätter och förvaltningsrätten i mål gäl-lande skattetillägg och mervärdesskatt, och vilka konsekvenser detta har för rättssäkerheten för den enskilde. Uppsatsen grundar sig på den senaste tidens kritik mot Skatteverket och skatteprocessen som bland annat Advokatsamfun-det och Rättvis skatteproThis thesis examines how the evaluation, and the results of such assessment, is articulated in the judicial reasonings delivered by the Administrative Courts of Appeal and Administrative Courts in cases regarding tax surcharges and value-added tax, as well as the implications this has for the taxpayer’s legal certainty. This thesis is prompted by recent criticism directed at the Swedish Tax Agency
Barnets bästa är en rättighet i artikel 3.1 i barnkonventionen. Svensk rätt fast-slår barnets bästa i 6 kap. 2 a § FB. Bestämmelsen uppdaterades senast den 1 januari 2025. Gällande rätt visar att bestämmelsen uppdaterades för att framhålla att risken för att barnet utsätts för våld eller annan kränkande behandling alltid ska ha större betydelse än barnets behov av en god och nära relation till sinThe best interests of the child are a right stipulated in Article 3.1 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In Swedish law, the best interests of the child constitute a guiding principle laid down in Chapter 6, Section 2 a of the Children and Parents Code (FB). The principle was last amended on 1 January 2025. An examination of the applicable law shows that the purpose of the amendment was
This thesis examines how Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) affects economic growth in Africa. Over the past two decades, China’s economic engagement in Africa has increased substantially, yet there is no clear consensus in the literature regarding the growth effects of these investments. The aim of this study is therefore to assess whether Chinese FDI is associated with economic growth in Af
This study aims to examine whether sustainable firms are more sensitive to economic hardship such as an economic crisis, high inflation and low GDP-growth than companies with less focus on sustainability. The research is based on publicly available taxonomy scores of twenty-three of largest publicly traded stocks in Sweden between 2003-2023. The results from three regressions, based on the same mo
Genom en komparativ analys mellan Danmark, Norge och Finland klargör denna uppsats för hur användningen av anonyma vittnen i Sverige påverkar den tilltalades rätt till ett effektivt försvar i brottmål. Den organiserade brottsligheten har medfört att vittnen inte vågar medverka i rättsprocessen på grund av deras rädsla för att bli utsatt för repressalier från den man vittnar mot. I syfte att effektThe aim of this essay is to clarify the implications of using anonymous witnesses in Sweden on the accused’s right to an effective defense in criminal proceedings, through a comparative analysis between Denmark, Norway and Finland. Due to the increasing problems of organized crimes, the witnesses are unwilling to participate in the judicial process as their fear of facing repris-als from the perso
Likt RB präglas LSF av normer som fördelar ansvaret mellan skiljenämnden och parterna. En fundamental princip inom civilprocessrätten är dispositionsprincipen, vilken främst kommer till uttryck genom 17 kap. 3 § RB. Av paragrafens andra mening framgår att domstolen i dispositiva tvistemål inte får grunda sitt avgörande på en omständighet som inte åberopats av rätt part. Regeln har preciserats i räAs with the SCJP, the SAA is characterized by norms that allocate responsibility between the arbitral tribunal and the parties. A fundamental principle of civil procedure law is the principle of party disposition, primarily expressed in Chapter 17, Section 3 of the SCJP. The second sentence of this section provides that a court may not, in disputes amenable to settlement, base its judgment on a ci
The rise of digital services has reshaped the EU internal digital market and revealed significant shortcomings in EU competition law. In response, the EU introduced the Digital Markets Act (DMA), an ex-ante sector-specific legislative approach to address these issues. The DMA’s aim is to complement traditional competition law by addressing fairness and contestability within the internal market thr
In the shadow of escalating crime linked to criminal networks in Sweden, an intense debate has been waged on how best to combat organized crime. One of the most discussed proposals has been the introduction of stop-and-search zones, also known as security zones. Against the backdrop of legislative changes that allow wiretapping without suspicion of crime and an increased political interest in stri
Uppsatsen undersöker bevisrättsliga och processuella risker förenat med be-visning som består av berörings-DNA och invändningar från den tilltalade att DNA-spåret tillkommit genom sekundäröverföring. De risker som identifierats är att berörings-DNA är behäftat med vissa osäkerheter. Forskning har visat att sådana spår i vissa fall kan överföras genom ett eller flera mellanled. Samtidigt har HD i sThis thesis examines evidentiary and procedural risks associated with evi-dence consisting of touch DNA and objections from the defendant that the DNA trace was transmitted through secondary touch-transfer. The risks identi-fied are that touch DNA is subject to certain ambiguities. Research has shown that such traces can be transmitted through one or more intermediate links. Concurrently, the Swed
This thesis examines the norms, boundaries, and perceptions surrounding homosexuality in Swedish gay press between 1969 and 1973. The aim is to analyse how normative systems influenced the formation of identity, self-image, and sense of community among homosexual individuals. The aim is also to analyse how heteronormativity and the transgression of norms affected their relationship with society an
