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Vattenmolekyler är i ständig slumpmässig rörelse som beror på systemets termisk energi, dvs temperaturen. Diffusionsrörelsen kallas även Brownsk rörelse efter den engelske botanikerns Brown, som upptäckte fenomenet på 1800 talet. Människokroppen består till 70 % av vatten, vilket gör det lämpligt att använda MRT för att studera diffusionsegenskaper i biologisk vävnad och för klinisk diagnostik av Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is still a fast growing area of research and is an important part of the clinical tools used for diagnosis of various diseases. The diagnostic values of diffusion imaging are well known especially for ischemic stroke in the acute phase. This work concerns whether the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) changes when the ima

I Zinkgruvan, Sverige, bryts zink, bly och silver ur en stratiform malmkropp. Denna anses vara syngenetiskt avsatt och återfinns i metavulkaniska och metasedimentära bergarter. En förkastning, Knallaförkastningen, delar malmförekomsten i två delar. Den västra delen, Knalla, är kraftigt deformerad medan den östra, Nygruvan, har en väl utvecklad lagring. Stratigrafiskt under Zn-Pb-Ag- malmen i västrAt Zinkgruvan, Sweden, zinc, lead and silver are mined from a stratiform ore body. It is considered syngenetic and situated in metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks. A fault, the Knalla fault, separates the Zinkgruvan deposit into two parts. In the western part, Knalla, the ore is severely deformed, whereas in the eastern part, Nygruvan, a distinct layering occurs. In the western part of Knalla,

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen innehåller tre empiriska studier som analyserar hur livsmedelsmarknaden påverkas av åtgärder för att fördjupa den europeiska ekonomiska integrationen. Fokus är på det svenska EU-medlemskap och det kontinuerliga arbetet med att harmonisera livsmedelslagstiftningen. Det senare har stor relevans för livsmedelsmarknaden eftersom det har funnits och fortfarande This thesis consists of three papers, all of which deal with the effects of deepening European integration on the food and beverage industry and market. The focus is on the period after Swedish EU membership in 1995. The last two papers use firm data and focus on the Swedish food and beverage industry, an industry which is an interesting case study as it was considered to be protected from foreign

The retina is a thin tissue layer on the inside of the eye and may be subject to tractional forces in diseases like myopia, retinoschisis, and retinal detachment. Müller glial cells (MGCs) are the only cells spanning the entire retinal thickness and hypothetically respond to mechanical stress imposed across retinal layers. We designed a device to apply force in vitro perpendicular to the retinal sThe retina is a thin tissue layer on the inside of the eye and may be subject to tractional forces in diseases like myopia, retinoschisis, and retinal detachment. Müller glial cells (MGCs) are the only cells spanning the entire retinal thickness and hypothetically respond to mechanical stress imposed across retinal layers. We designed a device to apply force in vitro perpendicular to the retinal s

Sverige och Danmark anses i komparativa sammanhang tillhöra samma rättsfamilj. I arbetsrättsligt avseende skiljer sig Danmark från övriga nordiska länder på så sätt att man undvikit lagstiftning i mesta möjliga mån och t.o.m. överlåtit implementering av vissa EU-direktiv åt arbetsmarknadens parter genom kollektivavtal. Den lagstiftning som finns är spretig och i stor utsträckning införd p.g.a. EU-In a comparative context Sweden and Denmark are often considered part of the same families of law. In respect of labour law, Denmark differs from the other Nordic countries by avoiding legislation as much as possible and have even left implementation of some EU directives to be performed through collective agreements. The legislation is uneven and to a great extent introduced after demands from th

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) har under det senaste decenniet blivit ett allt mer relevant koncept. De flesta multinationella företag (Multinational Enterprises, MNEs) har formulerat uppförandekoder och många har också anslutit sig till internationella initiativ som fokuserar på CSR, som exempelvis Förenta Nationernas Global Compact. Genom globalisering, avreglering, paradigmskiften och inCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has during the last decade become an increasingly relevant concept. Most Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) have formulated Corporate Codes of Conduct, and many have also joined international initiatives focusing on CSR, such as the United Nations Global Compact. Through globalisation, deregulation, paradigm shifts and not least the development of information te

Syftet med detta arbete är att redogöra för reglerna kring avveckling av dödsbon i Sverige, d.v.s. reglerna om dödsboförvaltning och arvskifte. Behandlingen inriktar sig framför allt på formerna för förvaltningen – vem som har rätt att företräda dödsboet, hur denna behörighet uppkommer och vad den består i. Fokus ligger på hur dödsbodelägarnas samarbete är reglerat och vilka lösningar lagen erbjudThe aim of this thesis is to account for the rules surrounding the administration and distribution of the estate of a deceased person in Sweden. The study is concentrated on the personal representative, i.e. who has the right to administer an estate on death, how this authority arises and what it consists of. The main focus lies on the regulation of the joint administration of the beneficiaries of

Corporate acquisitions are a vital part of the business world. They are a way to ensure growth. They are also a good way of adding values to the company, which in turn makes the company stronger. However, an acquisition is not risk free. It is often expensive and there are no guarantees that the acquisition will be profitable in the end. The buyer can to some extent protect its investment with a n

BackgroundStreptococcus pyogenes bacteremia is a severe condition with high mortality. Time to blood culture positivity (TTP) is known to predict the outcome in bacteremia with other pathogens. This study aimed to determine the association between TTP and outcome in S pyogenes bacteremia.MethodsThis retrospective observational cohort study comprised adults with S pyogenes bacteremia, identified thBackgroundStreptococcus pyogenes bacteremia is a severe condition with high mortality. Time to blood culture positivity (TTP) is known to predict the outcome in bacteremia with other pathogens. This study aimed to determine the association between TTP and outcome in S pyogenes bacteremia.MethodsThis retrospective observational cohort study comprised adults with S pyogenes bacteremia, identified th

Vi spenderar en tredjedel av våra liv sovandes och sömn är en avgörande faktor för god hälsa och välbefinnande. Men det är även viktigt att erkänna sömnens komplexitet, eftersom det är flera faktorer som kan påverka sömnen. Både biologiska, kontextuella och psykosociala faktorer har inverkan på ungdomarnas sömn. Otillräcklig sömn, sömnproblem och symptom på insomni är vanligt hos ungdomar. SömnlöInsufficient sleep, sleep problems and insomnia are common in adolescents, and insomnia and insufficient sleep are public health concerns that can impact adolescents’ mental and physical health. There are several different treatments for sleep problems and insomnia, and there is a great focus on the problem when it has already arisen. However, since this is a public health problem, it is important

De första levande organismerna uppstod på jorden när den funnits i 1,5 miljarder år. Under de följande tre miljarder åren bildades livet på jorden, och existerade i harmoni, med gravitation, kosmisk-strålning, elektriska och magnetiska fält och dess cyklisk-hemlighetsfulla variationer medan exponeringen från den naturlga mikrovågstrålningen var endast i storleksordningen 210-15 W/kg. Det var i deOur team of the clinical researchers in Lund, Sweden, found that electromagnetic radiation, such as those used in mobile communications, even at shallow power values, cause users’ blood albumin to leak through the blood-brain barrier “BBB” into the brain tissue. The BBB is supposed to protect the brain against unwanted and toxic molecules potentially present in the blood, to transfer to the brain

Kolinfosfolipider, en nyttig kostkomponent vid alkoholfettlever, NAFLD och NASH?Åke Nilsson, Rui-Dong DuanBakgrundKolin (trimetyletanolamin) ingår i fosfatidylkolin (PC) och sfingomyelin (SM) som finns i alla cellmembraner och i plasmalipoproteiner, och i acetylkolin. Även om levern bildar en del kolin klassas kolin som ett essentiellt näringsämne. Kolinbrist ger bl a fettlever, muskelsymptom och

När bör det vara möjligt att genomföra markåtkomst och hur bör ett sådant system regleras rättsligt? Det är en av de frågor som avhandlingen besvarar.Markåtkomst handlar om vilka möjligheter en aktör har för att inskränka äganderätten till mark. Äganderätt generellt är viktig i samhället, den är nödvändig för att individer ska kunna handla med varandra och en fungerande marknadsekonomi. Mark har sPrivate property rights are a central and important institution in the society. These rights are a prerequisite for individuals to have incentives to invest in their properties, be able to trade with each other, economic growth and more. In some situations, private land ownership may have to be put aside for society to function adequately; since society needs to build housing, infrastructure and o

The PET-CT imaging modality is based on positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography. Before a PET-CT examination, a radioactive tracer (also called a radiopharmaceutical) is intravenously injected into the patient. PET technology images the distribution of this tracer element by detecting the decay. In recent years, PET technology has been developed and improved in hardware and

The complement system is an essential effector of both innate and acquired immune responses. Due to its destructive potential, tight regulation is required. The contribution of complement has been associated with the pathogeneses in a wide range of diseases. In this thesis, aspects of complement activation were investigated in disorders characterized by thrombocytopenia.In papers I and II, clinicaThe complement system is an essential effector of both innate and acquired immune responses. Due to its destructive potential, tight regulation is required. The contribution of complement has been associated with the pathogeneses in a wide range of diseases. In this thesis, aspects of complement activation were investigated in disorders characterized by thrombocytopenia.In papers I and II, clinica

Tiden är knapp att nå uppsatta klimatmål. För att nå dit krävs kraftfulla åtgärder och styrning. Det står även klart att vi inte når ett hållbart transportsystem med bara någrafå åtgärder – det krävs att en mängd olika åtgärder och styrmedel kombineras och införs. Utöver ökad energieffektivisering, byte av drivmedel och ökade transportkostnader krävs även åtgärder och styrmedel för ett mer transpo

Inom besöksnäringen är delningsekonomins utbredning särskilt tydlig och inom denna industri återfinns en rad företag såsom Airbnb, Vayable, Getmyboat, OffWeFly, EatWith, Uber, Fodora och Travelbuddy. Airbnb, som förmedlar uthyrning av privatpersoners bostäder som en sorts hotellrum, är kanske det mest välkända företaget. Typiskt för delningsekonomin i tjänstesektorn är digitala plattformar som sam

[3H]Arachidonic (20:4) and [14C]linoleic acid (18:2) were fed to thoracic duct-cannulated rats in test meals of either tracers alone, cream, Intralipid, pure arachidonic acid, or pure linoleic acid. Less [3H]20:4 than [14C]18:2 was recovered in chyle during the first 5 h. After cream feeding, the proportion of radioactivity found in phospholipids was high and increased during the first 3 h. After [3H]Arachidonic (20:4) and [14C]linoleic acid (18:2) were fed to thoracic duct-cannulated rats in test meals of either tracers alone, cream, Intralipid, pure arachidonic acid, or pure linoleic acid. Less [3H]20:4 than [14C]18:2 was recovered in chyle during the first 5 h. After cream feeding, the proportion of radioactivity found in phospholipids was high and increased during the first 3 h. After

Abstract: Background: Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is an extrahepatic protein that is dependent on glutamate carboxylation, a vitamin K-dependent process. Its dysfunctional form, desphosphouncarboxylated- MGP, has been associated with increased arterial calcification and stiffness. The aim of this study was to measure the degree of postoperative carboxylation of MGP and two other Gla proteins in patieBACKGROUND: Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is an extrahepatic protein that is dependent on glutamate carboxylation, a vitamin K-dependent process. Its dysfunctional form, desphospho-uncarboxylated-MGP, has been associated with increased arterial calcification and stiffness. The aim of this study was to measure the degree of postoperative carboxylation of MGP and two other Gla proteins in patients schedu

BACKGROUND: Dextran-70 is a more potent plasma volume expander than albumin but use has been hampered because of it's antithrombotic properties. However, also albumin has antithrombotic properties and little is known about relative effects of these two colloids on coagulation in-vivo when controlling for differences in efficacy as plasma volume expanders.AIM: Compare effects of dextran-70 and albu