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Background: Knowledge on tuberculosis (TB) infection epidemiology in women of reproductive age living in TB-endemic areas is limited. We used a composite definition of TB infection in a cohort of pregnant women recruited in an Ethiopian city as a model for TB exposure patterns, and to identify factors associated with TB infection. Methods: Women seeking antenatal care at public health facilities u
Background: Middle Eastern (ME) immigrants to Europe have a heavy burden of metabolic disorders including a higher prevalence of insulin resistance, T2D and obesity as compared to native-born Europeans. Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are prevalent conditions in people originating from the ME. Aims: To study the differences in the levels of 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) across ME an
PURPOSE: Clinical relapse is the major threat for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) undergoing hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). Early detection of measurable residual disease (MRD) would enable preemptive treatment and potentially reduced relapse risk.METHODSPatients with MDS planned for HSCT were enrolled in a prospective, observational study evaluating the association b
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents a major clinical challenge due to its tumor microenvironment, which exhibits immune-suppressive properties that facilitate cancer progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Interleukin 1 (IL-1) signaling has been implicated as a driver in this process. Mechanistically, both IL-1α and IL-1β bind to the IL-1 receptor type 1, forming
Background: In addition to peripheral neuropathy of various kinds, diabetes can also cause central neuropathy, which among other things can manifest itself as premature cognitive dysfunction, often linked to vascular dysfunction. Although the link between diabetes and cognitive dysfunction was discovered more than 100 years ago and has important clinical implications, this diabetes complication re
Background: The transcription factor Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a role in carcinogenesis and is involved in processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, drug resistance and immunosuppression. STAT3 can be activated by phosphorylation of tyrosine at position 705 (pSTAT3Tyr705) or serine at 727 (pSTAT3Ser727). High expression levels of pSTAT3 are implicate
Due to the large-scale production of lignin, continuous flow reactors are preferred for its further valorization through depolymerization. However, there is limited literature on their use in lignin depolymerization, especially concerning feedstock pretreatments and catalyst deactivation. Therefore, in this study, the impact of a batch solvolysis pretreatment on the mild reductive catalytic depoly
Mild reductive catalytic depolymerization (MRCD) of lignin offers a sustainable route to produce functionalized aromatic compounds. However, the economic viability is hindered by the need for expensive palladium (Pd) catalysts and the limited exploration of continuous flow reactors (CFRs), which are essential to achieve an adequate production scale. This study examines the impact of partial replac
HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) presents a significant challenge to antiretroviral therapy (ART) success, particularly in resource-limited settings like Ethiopia. This cross-sectional study investigated viral suppression rates and resistance patterns among patients on second-line ART across 28 Ethiopian health facilities. Blood samples collected from 586 participants were analyzed to measure CD4 count
BACKGROUND: Human diets account for 30% of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). Reporting dietary GHGE with or without energy standardization yields different outcomes, often resulting in conflicting conclusions regarding associations with micronutrient intake.OBJECTIVES: To compare methods of reporting dietary GHGE, with and without consideration of energy intake, and their respective associations wi
Despite new therapies, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is still incurable. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is a well-characterized cell surface protein involved in prostate cancer pathogenesis, differentially expressed during transition from hormone-sensitive to CRPC. This study aimed to investigate ICAM-1 as a target for imaging and radioimmunotherapy of CRPC.Anti-ICAM-1 an
This study reports contact pressure-sliding speed maps for friction, wear and particle emissions from high-speed train brakes. Two particle spectrometers measured the airborne wear particles generated with a pin-on-disc tribometer. Particles were characterized with transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. The results indicate that both the friction and wear of bra
Despite advancements in multiple myeloma treatment, prognostic variability persists. We investigated the impact of income and education on treatment and survival in a country with publicly funded healthcare. We analysed data from the Swedish Myeloma Registry (2008–2021) linked to national registers. Cox models assessed survival, adjusting for demographics and comorbidities. Treatment patterns were
An additional upsurge in bacterial STIs has been observed in Sweden following HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) implementation. From a prevention perspective, it is of relevance to optimize testing strategies within PrEP programmes to identify those most at risk. An open retrospective longitudinal observational cohort study was performed at three STI clinics in Uppsala, Gothenburg, and Malmö. A
We conduct a field experiment studying how financial incentives for achieving specific course grades affect university students, whether effects vary by ability, and whether allowing students to choose their goals improves outcomes. We find that incentives negatively affect performance, particularly among low-ability students assigned high goals. Survey data suggest this negative impact arises fro
BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is a hypertensive pregnancy disorder marked by endothelial damage. Healthy endothelium is covered by a protective glycocalyx layer, which, when degraded, releases detectable products into the blood. Sphingosine-1phosphate (S1P) is a cardiovascular biomarker involved in glycocalyx preservation, linked to placentation and preeclampsia development. The study aimed to test the
This study investigated the birth prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in Sweden between 2000 and 2020 using data from the Swedish National Medical Birth Register, which includes over 97% of children born in the country, and its subregister the National Register of Congenital Anomalies. The dataset included 2,230,771 anonymized children, with the variables year of b
Semiconductor InSb nanowires present a highly intriguing platform with immense potential for applications in spintronics and topological quantum devices. The narrow band gap exhibited by InSb allows for precise tuning of these nanowires, facilitating smooth transitions between the electron-transport region and the hole-transport region. In this paper, we demonstrate quantum transport measurements
