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Detailed simulations for terahertz quantum cascade lasers based on two-well designs are presented. We reproduce the maximal operation temperatures observed and attribute the degradation with temperature to the occupation of parasitic levels and thermal backfilling. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the current injection can be conveniently studied by using states, which combine energy selectivity a
Background: Untreated celiac disease (CD) patients have increased levels of blood glutamine and a lower duodenal expression of glutaminase (GLS). Intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) is a process through which glutamine is turned into glucose in the small intestine, for which GLS is crucial. Animal studies suggest impaired IGN may have long-term effects on metabolic control and be associated with the
Background: Gangliogliomas are brain tumors associated with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. In most cases, seizures improve after surgical treatment. It is still not concluded to what extent the lesion itself or the perilesional area contributes to the epileptogenicity. Case presentation: In the case presented in this report, the patient, a 24-year-old Caucasian male, developed a refractory status
Mismatch between adjacent atomic layers in low-dimensional materials, generating moiré patterns, has recently emerged as a suitable method to tune electronic properties by inducing strong electron correlations and generating novel phenomena. Beyond graphene, van der Waals structures such as three-dimensional (3D) topological insulators (TIs) appear as ideal candidates for the study of these phenom
Background: The prevalence of celiac disease in the general population is mainly unknown in most of sub-Saharan African countries. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA) and its associations with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (LMTB) and Helicobacter pylori (HP) infections in Ethiopian children aged 4 years in an HLA genotyped cohort study. Met
Soft-x-ray holography which utilizes an optics mask fabricated in direct contact with the sample, is a widely applied x-ray microscopy method, in particular, for investigating magnetic samples. The optics mask splits the x-ray beam into a reference wave and a wave to illuminate the sample. The reconstruction quality in such a Fourier-transform holography experiment depends primarily on the charact
The photoactivity of rutile TiO2(110) renders its surfaces of particular interest for the study of surface reactions. In particular, rutile TiO2(110) surfaces are active for hydrogen production, both via the water splitting process and via ethanol degradation under ultraviolet illumination. The selective photocatalytic dehydrogenation of rutile TiO2(110) is not fully understood yet, and an importa
Because of increasing demand, rapid development of in vitro and in vivo models to be used to study lung regeneration and lung repair has occurred during the last years. Even if imaging has always been an important tool in diagnosing disease and validating models, the current disease models, including three-dimensional (3D) lung models, put a higher demand on advanced imaging techniques. Moreover,
A fundamental understanding of the process parameters affecting the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of bio-oils is of significance for enabling further progression and improvement of industrial biofuel upgrading methods. Herein, a novel demonstration and evaluation of the effect of temperature, pressure, and weight hourly space velocity in the continuous HDO of vanillin to cresol over a Ni-Mo/δ
INTRODUCTION: Since 2006, one hospital has offered two clinical courses in obstetrics/gynaecology and paediatrics to international (I) students. However, as I-student enrolment increased, the hospital faced cut-backs. As from 2010, I-team course evaluations therefore dropped to unacceptable levels and more I- than Danish (DK) students failed exams. Therefore, in 2012 we started a three-year intern
BACKGROUND: The Emergency Department (ED) is a common route to hospitalization for critically ill and older adults. Older patients are admitted to hospital at a higher rate and have longer length of stay (LOS) when hospitalized. To be able to confront an increasing aging population, meet their medical needs and influence rising costs of health care, there is a need to focus on the older population
In situ stability studies of an IrO2(110)-TiO2(110) model electrode are carried out under acidic water electrolysis conditions, employing synchrotron-based techniques including surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD) and X-ray reflectometry (XRR) with a photon energy of 21.5 keV. These experiments are complemented by ex situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and X-r
Bragg diffracted intensities and q values for crystalline structures with long repeat distances may be obtained by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) investigations. An account is given of the methods, advantages and disadvantages of obtaining such data by the multichromatic time-of-flight method, compared with the more traditional quasi-monochromatic SANS method. This is illustrated with data
In the passive solar water heater, temperature stratification is a valuable thermodynamic parameter for horizontal water storage tanks. This investigation aims to optimize the deflector and numerically study the effects of various deflector lengths and materials on temperature stratification of a horizontal water storage tank during natural convection. Firstly, comparative thermal performances of
Design of the borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) is very important for the seasonal solar thermal storage system. The BTES designed based on the empirical method could lead to some unsatisfied effects in actual operations. This paper simulated the BTES operation in one year to study the effects of soil thermal conductivity, soil volume-specific heat, initial soil temperature and relative surfa
The high performance of platinum-Tin catalysts for oxidation reactions has been linked to the formation of tin oxides at the metal surface, but little is known about the structure of these oxides or the chemical behavior that determines their catalytic properties. We show here how surface oxides on Pt3Sn(111) incorporate oxygen at the metal interface, which may be subsequently removed by reaction
Background Celiac disease has an increasing incidence worldwide and is treated with lifelong adherence to a gluten-free diet. We aimed to describe gluten-free diet adherence rates in children with screening-identified celiac disease, determine adherence-related factors, and compare adherence to food records in a multinational prospective birth cohort study. Methods Children in The Environmental De
Objective. Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) prevalence estimates vary across studies; studies based on national data are few. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of clinically diagnosed PsA in Sweden in 2017, overall and stratified by sex, age, education, and geography, and to quantify disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) use among those in contact with specialized rheumatology care between 2015
Two-dimensional (2D) topological insulators have fascinating physical properties which are promising for applications within spintronics. In order to realize spintronic devices working at room temperature, materials with a large nontrivial gap are needed. Bismuthene, a 2D layer of Bi atoms in a honeycomb structure, has recently attracted strong attention because of its record-large nontrivial gap,
