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X-ray microscopy and micro-tomography (μCT) are valuable non-destructive examination methods in many disciplines such as bio-medical research, archaeometry, material science and paleontology. Besides being implemented at synchrotrons radiation sources, laboratory setups using an X-ray tube and high-resolution scintillation detector routinely provide information on the micrometre scale. To improve
A higher intake of gluten during childhood is associated with increased risk of celiac disease, and the incidence of celiac disease peaks shortly after the time point when associations with higher gluten intake during the second and third year of life occur. Additional environmental factors are most likely necessary for celiac disease to develop. It is hypothesized that gastrointestinal infections
Objectives: To examine potential sex differences in cognitive and functional progression rates in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) between patients with different concomitant medications. Methods: The Swedish Alzheimer Treatment Study is a prospective, observational, multicentre study in clinical practice undertaken at the initiation of cholinesterase inhibitor therapy in 1,021 patients diagnosed with mil
Background Colon cancer incidence is rising globally, and factors pertaining to urbanization have been proposed involved in this development. Traffic noise may increase colon cancer risk by causing sleep disturbance and stress, thereby inducing known colon cancer risk-factors, e.g. obesity, diabetes, physical inactivity, and alcohol consumption, but few studies have examined this. Objectives The o
The successful management of a childbirth emergency will be dependent on the decision-making of involved obstetricians and gynecologists. Individual differences in decision-making may be explained through personality traits. The objectives of the present study were (I) to describe personality trait levels of obstetricians and gynecologists and (II) to examine the relationship between obstetricians
BACKGROUND: Foreign-born workers in high-income countries experience higher rates of COVID-19 but the causes are only partially known.AIMS: To examine if the occupational risk of COVID-19 in foreign-born workers deviates from the risk in native-born employees in Denmark.METHODS: Within a registry-based cohort of all residents employed in Denmark (n = 2 451 542), we identified four-digit DISCO-08 o
Northern forest soils are a major carbon (C) reservoir of global importance. To estimate how the C balance in these soils will change, the roles of tree roots and soil microbes in C balance should first be decoupled. This study determined how the activity of heterotrophs and tree roots together with root-associated microbes in the rhizosphere varies in coniferous forest soils in boreal, hemiboreal
Several publications describing high-resolution structures of amyloid-β (Aβ) and other fibrils have demonstrated that magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy is an ideal tool for studying amyloids at atomic resolution. Nonetheless, MAS NMR suffers from low sensitivity, requiring relatively large amounts of samples and extensive signal acquisition periods, which in turn limits the questions tha
Objective The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Iraqi immigrants to Sweden is high and partly related to sedentary physical activity and calorie dense food. The aim of the present study was to explore perceptions, experiences and barriers concerning lifestyle modifications (LSM) in Iraqi immigrants to Sweden at risk for T2D. Design A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted on data coll
Non-western immigrants have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes and earlier onset than non-immigrant Swedes. In this 10-year follow-up including all people in Sweden diagnosed with type 2 diabetes from 2006 onwards (i.e. prescribed glucose lowering medication for type 2 diabetes), the total and cause-specific mortality of first-generation immigrants with type 2 diabetes is lower than in non-imm
Autoantigen discovery is a critical challenge for the understanding and diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. While autoantibody markers in current clinical use have been identified through studies focused on individual disorders, we postulated that a reverse approach starting with a putative autoantigen to explore multiple disorders might hold promise. We here targeted the epidermal protein transglut
cBN-based materials are well known for their high chemical inertness and high performance. The variation of binder phase type and amount enable improvement of performance even more. Comprehensive investigation of the influence of type of niobium compound (NbC and NbN) as a binder phase for cBN-based materials were done. Samples were prepared by high pressure high temperature (HPHT) sintering under
This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of location (x, y and z) using a Magellan GPS NAV 1000 receiver. The position of a known reference point was compared with 50 fix points measured in two-dimensional (2D) mode (x, y) and with 50 fix points measured in three-dimensional (3D) mode (x, y and z). The mean errors and the root mean square errors (RMSE) in the Euclidian distances between the refere
Objectives: To investigate the interaction effect of sex and early vs. late onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) on long-term cognitive and functional outcomes and survival. Methods: The Swedish Alzheimer Treatment Study (SATS) is a prospective, observational, multicentre study of clinical practice involving 1,017 participants diagnosed with mild-to-moderate AD at the start of cholinesterase inhibito
The role of patient participation in forensic psychiatric care is unclear, but has been emphasised as important in recent research. This study aims to describe patients’ lived experiences of participation in high-security, forensic psychiatric settings. Sixteen patient interviews were performed in this phenomenological study and analysed with a Reflective Lifeworld Research approach (RLR). Results
Vertically aligned metal halide perovskite (MHP) nanowires are promising for various optoelectronic applications, which can be further enhanced by heterostructures. However, present methods to obtain free-standing vertically aligned MHP nanowire arrays and heterostructures lack the scalability needed for applications. We use a low-temperature solution process to prepare free-standing vertically al
BackgroundHigh gluten intake is associated with increased risk of celiac disease (CD) in children at genetic risk.ObjectivesTo investigate if different dietary gluten sources up to age two years confer different risks of celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA) and CD in children at genetic risk.DesignThree-day food records were collected at age six, nine, 12, 18 and 24 months from 2088 Swedish genetical
BACKGROUND: Prospective and detailed investigations of smoking and prostate cancer (PCa) risk and death are lacking.OBJECTIVE: To investigate prediagnosis smoking habit (status, intensity, duration, and cessation) as a risk factor, on its own and combined with body mass index (BMI), for PCa incidence and death.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We included 351448 men with smoking information from
Lead has traditionally been added to brass alloys to achieve high machinability, but the exact mechanisms at work are still debated. Lead-free brass alternatives could be developed if these mechanisms were better understood. Accordingly, machinability characteristics were investigated for two brass alloys with similar mechanical properties and phase composition, but with very different machining c
