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In line with current tendencies of ‘new modes of governance’, this essay introduces judicial tools, which strike a balance between the respect for national autonomy in individual assessments and the effective implementation of Community law. The balance is struck through the demands of structural guarantees; administrative safeguards, which weed out arbitrary national decision-making. These admini
The increasing trend to build both more and longer underground transportation systems, e.g., road and rail tunnels, and the special characteristics of these facilities, introduces new problem areas to both fire safety designers and fire rescue services. TUFT, a simple computer model, has therefore been developed partly to aid fire safety designers in the early stages of the fire safety design proc
Search algorithms for regular and irregular quasi-cyclic LDPC block codes with both good girth profile and good degree distribution are presented. New QC LDPC block codes of various code rates are obtained and their bit error rate performance is compared with that of the corresponding LDPC block codes defined in the IEEE 802.16 WiMAX standard of the same block length and code rate.
With the aim of properly understanding the basis for and the utility of many-body perturbation theory as applied to extended metallic systems, we have calculated the electronic self-energy of the homogeneous electron gas within the GW approximation. The calculation has been carried out in a self-consistent way; i.e., the one-electron Green function obtained from Dyson’s equation is the same as tha
Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen består av 5 delstudier. Fyra belyser olika aspekter av alkoholproblem hos kvinnor jämfört med män. Ett delarbete grundar sig på en studiepopulation av endast kvinnor. Undersökningsgrupperna består av såväl patienter som individer från den allmänna befolkningen. De två första studierna utgår från kvinnor och män i Malmö födda 1941, som undersöktes vid 42-årThis thesis presents data relating to gender differences of problem drinking. The aim was to increase the knowledge of characteristics of female problem drinking to enhance identification efficiency. Alcoholic patients, 214 women and 420 men, and subjects from the general population, 2939 women and 1880 men, in Malmö, Sweden were studied between 1983-1995. Lifetime prevalence rates of problem dri
The catalyst layer (CL) in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells is one of the key components regulating the overall performance of the cell. In PEM fuel cells, there are two CLs having identical composition for hydrogen oxidation (HO) and oxygen reduction (OR) reactions. There are four phases inside the CL, namely: carbon, Pt particles, ionomer and voids. In this work, a micro-model of th
It is shown that under certain regularity conditions on the norm, the functions in a nontrivial invariant subspace of the backward shift operator have meromorphic pseudocontinuations in the Nevanlinna class of the exterior of the unit disk. In addition, we provide a regularity condition which implies that the subspace itself is contained in the Nevanlinna class of the disc.
Methods for monitoring seepage and detecting internal erosion are essential for the safety evaluation of embankment dams. Internal erosion is one of the major reasons for embankment dam failures, and there are several tenths of thousands of large embankment dams in the world. Internal erosion is progressing inside the dam, and is sometimes difficult to detect by conventional methods. Therefore, th
