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This paper argues that rules and norms are conceptually distinct: what is norm is not thereby rule, and vice versa. Versions of conflating the two are discussed and an argument for distinction given. Two objections to the argument are responded to. It is accepted that rules and norms are often intimately related. They are so causally, not conceptually: what norms we live by can make a difference t

Abstract Introduction Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is thought to be due to compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel. It is known that carpal tunnel pressures are elevated in wrist postures of flexion and extension and in those patients with CTS. Classic symptoms of CTS include night waking with pain, tingling, and numbness. These classic symptoms stimulated our interest in the relation

The blood/plasma protein biomarker profile represents the pathological and physiological changes relating to human diseases. However, the plasma proteome reflects a high degree of complexity that results in a challenge for most analytical methods in clinical diagnostics. The focus in this thesis is the development and application of several integrated platforms to detect already established protei

Nasal decolonisation has a proven effect on the prevention of severe Staphylococcus aureus infections and in the control of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). However, rising rates of resistance to antibiotics highlights the need for new substances for nasal decolonisation. LTX-109 is a broad spectrum, fast-acting bactericidal antimicrobial drug for topical treatment, which causes membrane di

A key to successful chronic neural interfacing is to achieve minimal glial scarring surrounding the implants, as the astrocytes and microglia may functionally insulate the interface. A possible explanation for the development of these reactions is mechanical forces arising between the implants and the brain. Here, we show that the difference between the density of neural probes and that of the tis

Advances in the field of laser-based combustion diagnostics over the past decades have allowed for detailed characterisation, modelling and increased understanding of the complex combustion process. However; many combustion phenomena are still unexplained and there is a continued need for development and application of diagnostic tools to further the understanding of the combustion process. One of

The detailed mechanisms of progressive intensification of seizures often occurring in epilepsy are not well understood. Animal models of kindling, with progressive intensification of stimulation-induced seizures, have been previously used to investigate alterations in neuronal networks, but has been obscured by limited recording capabilities during electrical stimulations. Remote networks in kindl

Voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels trigger glucose-induced insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cell and their dysfunction increases diabetes risk. These heteromeric complexes include the main subunit alpha1, and the accessory ones, including subunit gamma that remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that CaV gamma subunit 4 (CaVγ4) is downregulated in islets from human donors with diabetes, diabe

During amino acid starvation the Escherichia coli stringent response factor RelA recognizes deacylated tRNA in the ribosomal A-site. This interaction activates RelA-mediated synthesis of alarmone nucleotides pppGpp and ppGpp, collectively referred to as (p)ppGpp. These two alarmones are synthesized by addition of a pyrophosphate moiety to the 3 position of the abundant cellular nucleotide GTP and

The value-belief-norm (VBN) theory has been widely used to describe pro-sustainability behavior. Despite being used to examine issues of sustainable and public transport behavior, research using the VBN has largely overlooked the pro-environmental behavior of cyclists and walkers, which is extremely significant given the role of active transport in environmental and human health. Therefore, this s

When corporations are faced with accusations of crime, they usually find it necessary to justify their actions to the public, the media and their shareholders. Corporate self-defense, aimed at protecting a corporation’s image and legitimacy, belongs to a broader category of offenders’ denials and neutralizations. The objective of this article is to compile and discuss literature that is of value f

Aims: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) exists in three isoforms TGF-β1, -β2, and -β3. TGF-β1 has been suggested to be important for maintaining plaque stability, yet the role of TGF-β2 and -β3 in atherosclerosis remains to be investigated. This study explores the association of the three isoforms of TGF-β with plaque stability in the human atherosclerotic disease. Methods and results: TGF-β

This thesis uses the humour theories of Michael Bachtin to analyse how meaning is constructed in internet memes, with a focus on the discourse created in online incel forums. The study focuses on iterations of the meme Virgin vs. Chad as an example of how masculinity is negotiated with the help of comedic expression. The dynamics of masculinity is understood through Raewyn Connell’s theoretical fr

MVES13 Ett cirkulärt och biobaserat samhälle Kurstid: 18 jan-23 mars 2021 Kursansvarig: Helena Hanson helena.hanson@cec.lu.se Övriga lärare se schema Litteratur: Enligt separat lista Studieteknik: Läs om studieverkstaden Studenträttigheter: Läs om dina rättigheter och skyldigheter som student Pedagogiskt stöd: Läs om pedagogiskt stöd vid funktionshinder eller läs- och skrivsvårigheter Lokal: onlin

https://www.cec.lu.se/sv/sites/cec.lu.se.sv/files/2020-12/Schema%20MVES13%20VT21.pdf - 2026-07-08

STRATEGISK MILJÖUTVECKLING (MVET11) MILJÖVETENSKAP Kurs: MVET11 Kursansvarig Bernadett Kiss; Julia Nussholz Lärare: Lokaler: Bernadett Kiss (BK), Julia Nussholz (JN), Lucie Zvolska (LZ), Jagdeep Singh (JS), Margaret Samahita (MS), Peter Arnfalk (PA), Sofie Sandin (SS), Leonidas Milios (LM), Jenny Palm (JP), Kevin Carnes (KC) Raggmossan, Ekologihuset, Sölvegatan 37 Litteratur: ska meddelas vid kurs

https://www.cec.lu.se/sv/sites/cec.lu.se.sv/files/kopia_av_schedule_mvet_ii_ht18_180831.pdf - 2026-07-08