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In 1798 the Royal Academy of Science instituted a classification of its members, designating the last class to be filled by those engaged with world of learning and beautiful arts. This study maps the population of this “erudite class” and analyzes the negotiation of epistemic virtues and merits linked to the nebulous field from which the class drew its members. The article argues that a previous

Poland and polish courts have been the subject of much attention during recent years, because of alleged problems in relation to the organisation of justice in Poland. It has been claimed that new suggested legislation in Poland, and changes in the system for appointing judges, prevents courts in Poland from adjudicating justice in a fair and independent manner in accordance with the Rule of Law.

Background: Biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to simple sugars at commercial scale is hampered by the high cost of saccharifying enzymes. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) may hold the key to overcome economic barriers. Recent studies have shown that controlled activation of LPMOs by a continuous H2O2 supply can boost saccharification yields, while overdosing H2O2 may lea

Treatment of depression is hampered by the failure to identify distinct symptom profiles with distinct pathophysiologies that differentially respond to distinct treatments. We posit that inflammatory depression is a meaningful depression subtype associated with specific symptoms and biological abnormalities. We review several upstream, potentially causative, mechanisms driving low-grade inflammati

Background: There has been a global increase in the number of people who are dying of old age. This development implies a need for good palliative care among older persons at the end of life. Here nursing homes have an important role to play. However, the principles of palliative care have not been sufficiently applied in nursing homes, and there is a need to increase the implementation of palliat

Despite decades of research on the pathophysiology of depression, the development of new therapeutic interventions has been slow, and no biomarkers of treatment response have been clinically implemented. Several lines of evidence suggest that the clinical and biological heterogeneity among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) has hampered progress in this field. MDD with low-grade inflamm

This article examines the novel and film, Balzac et la petite tailleuse chinoise, by the Franco-Chinese writer and filmmaker Dai Sijie, the story of which takes place against the background of the Cultural Revolution. The first part of my analysis will make clear how the film illuminates and dramatizes the special texture, aesthetic, and structure of the novel. I then move on to investigate the li

Background: Managing acute abdominal pain in the large and growing population of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB)–operated patients poses a challenge to general surgeons, because of diagnostic limitations and the risk of internal herniation. Objective: To investigate the diagnoses, management, and outcome of RYGB patients admitted for acute abdominal pain. Setting: University Hospital, Sweden. Meth

‘Flight shame’ describes an unease about the climate implications of air travel, and bears evidence of a change in social norms that have so far associated flying with social status. This paper discusses whether Fridays for Future demonstrations and ensuing flight shame have influenced social norms regarding the desirability of air travel, and whether this is measurable in a decline in air travel,

We demonstrate direct visualization of melting mapping of DNA stretched in nanoscale channels[1] using standard staining methods and epifluorescence microscopy to gain information on the local AT/GC ratio along large DNA molecules. Our development opens up a novel route to mapping of large-scale genomic variations.

The report offers an analysis of the R&I system in Sweden for 2015, including relevant policies and funding, taking into account the priorities of the European Research Area and the Innovation Union. The report was prepared according to a set of guidelines for collecting and analysing a range of materials, including policy documents, statistics, evaluation reports, websites, etc. The quantitat

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to enhance the heat transfer and thermal performance in the trailing edge region of the vane with vortex generators (VGs). Design/methodology/approach: This numerical study presents the enhancement of thermal performance in the trailing part of a gas turbine blade. In the trailing part, generally, pin fins are used either in staggered or in-line arrangements t

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors on the depolarization associated with severe hypoglycemia, which is commonly preceded by one or a few transient depolarizations reminiscent of cortical spreading depression (CSD). In the cerebral cortices of rats [K+](e) and [Ca2+](e) were measured with ion-selective microelectrodes. NMD