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Probiotic bacteria provide unique opportunities to study the global responses and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of gut-associated microorganisms in the human digestive tract. In this study, we show by comparative transcriptome analysis using DNA microarrays that the established probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299v specifically adapts its metabolic capacity in the human intestine fo
Värdepappershandel tillsammans med annan finansiell verksamhet har undantagits från mervärdesskatteplikt inom EU sedan 1977, när Direktivet 77/388/EEC lagstiftades. Ursprungligen stadgades undantaget för dessa finansiella tjänster på grund av skattetekniska problem som uppkommer vid framställande av det beskattningsbara underlaget. Direktivet, som sedermera har ersatts av Direktivet 2006/112/EC (tTrade in securities along with other financial activities has been enjoying the VAT exempt status within the EU since 1977, when Directive 77/388/EEC was passed. The VAT exemption for the financial services was originally enacted due to the difficulties relating to defining the taxable amount for the VAT purposes. The mentioned Directive, which has consequently been replaced by Directive 2006/112/
A housewife of many trades: applying history of knowledge to the rationalization of the home in 1946–1956. After World War II, Swedish women were expected to return to their work at home, due to a shortfall of work for men. However, to make housework more attractive for women, its status needed to increase. One way to make housework more appealing for women was to rationalize the home and therefo
Denna uppsats bygger på forskning inom den komplexa juridiska situationen bakom EU’s externa agerande och konflikten mellan externa och interna juridiska spörsmål inom områden med delad kompetens inom Unionen. EU’s lagstiftning, genom sin egen struktur, har en unik position inom hierarkin för rättskällor. Av de i uppsatsen presenterade rättsfallen och dokumentationen i övrigt kan man utläsa att deThis thesis is based on research into the area of the complex legal situation behind EU’s external affairs with the conflict between external and internal legal matters in regards to the area of shared competences within the Union. EU legislation, by its own structure, has a unique position in the hierarchy of laws. As can be seen by case law and documentation presented here it also contains its o
Psykosociala faktorers samband med PMS undersöktes genom en webbaserad enkätundersökning som besvarades av 1320 svensktalande kvinnor och transpersoner med aktiv menscykel. Studien visade samband mellan höga nivåer av PMS och att bo tillsammans med barn eller partner samt att ha en mindre stöttande partner och låg relationstillfredställelse. Personer med en låg utbildningsnivå, egna erfarenheter aThe association between PMS and psychosocial factors was studied using the responses of 1320 women and transgender people with an active menstrual cycle to a Swedish web-based survey. Living with children or a romantic partner was associated with higher levels of PMS, in addition to low relational satisfaction and a less supportive partner. Premenstrual Coping, Perfectionism and Silencing the Self
Tissue engineering strategies predominantly consist of the autologous generation of living substitutes capable of restoring damaged body parts. Persisting challenges with patient-specific approaches include inconsistent performance, high costs, and delayed graft availability. Toward developing a one-for-all solution, a more attractive paradigm lies in the exploitation of dedicated cell lines for t
Översatt sammanfattning:Livsmedelsproduktion och konsumtion bidrar i hög grad till utsläppen av växthusgaser. Eftersom det råder bred enighet om att en övergång till hållbara kostvanor och hållbara livsmedelssystem är nödvändig är en strategi att fokusera på nya livsmedel, såsom tidigare outnyttjade resurser, och att integrera dessa i den vardagliga kosten.Marina makroalger (tång), som inte kräverFood production and consumption are significant contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. As a transition to sustainable diets and sustainable food systems is widely agreed upon, one strategy is to focus on novel foods, such as previously unused resources, and their integration into everyday diets.Marine macroalgae (seaweed), which require no freshwater, agricultural land, or fertilizers, are posi
Electrostatic energy plays a pivotal role in the minimization of the free energy of self-assembling oppositely charged ions. This is a fundamental principle that guides the formation of aggregates and the separation of phases characterized by a stoichiometric balance between the opposite charges. However, this study unveils the self-assembly of catanionic nanotubes from a mixture of oppositely cha
In the paper, we consider the problem of routing and bandwidth allocation in networks that support elastic traffic. We assume that the bandwidth demand between each source-destination (S-D) pair is specified in terms of a minimum and maximum value, and a set of flows between each S-D pair is allowed to realize these demands. (We say that a set of flows realizes the demand associated with an S-D pa
How should the development of creativity be approached? Many accounts of children’s creativity focus on the relation between creativity and pretend play, placing make-believe and the mental exploration of possible scenarios about the world at the fore. Often divergent thinking and story-telling are used to measure creativity with fluency, originality, and flexibility as indicators. I will argue th
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the most important etiopathological factor of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and some specific types of malignant lymphomas. One of the viral lytic genes encodes the KSHV complement control protein (KCP), which functionally mimics human complement inhibitors. Although this protein provides an advantage for evading the complement attack, it can serve as target
Work-related respiratory symptoms, including dyspnoea, cough, fever, tiredness and malaise, were recorded in two customs officers employed in 2 depositories of confiscated cigarettes, of which one showed signs of dampness. Microbiological sampling of the air and the cigarettes stored in a damp depository revealed the presence of potentially pathogenic fungi and bacteria and the biochemical markers
The sst1 locus has been identified in a mouse model to control resistance and susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Subsequent studies have now identified Ipr1 (intracellular pathogen resistance 1) to be the gene responsible. Ipr1 is encoded within the sst1 locus and is expressed in the tuberculosis lung lesions and macrophages of sst1-resistant, but not sst1-susceptible mice. We
A wide range of factors shapes irrigation institutions and collective action with regard to irrigation. They include the distribution of land across irrigation command areas and across classes, land tenure systems, access to new technology such as bore wells, the availability and cost of electricity and other energy sources for lifting groundwater, and, above all, state policies related to irrigat
BACKGROUND: Alcohol screening scores 5 on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption (AUDIT-C) up to a year before surgery have been associated with postoperative complications, but the association with postoperative health care use is unknown. This study evaluated whether AUDIT-C scores in the year before surgery were associated with postoperative hospital length of stay, total ICU
