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The Sibuya distribution arises as the distribution of the waiting time for the first success in Bernoulli trials, where the probabilities of success are inversely proportional to the number of a trial. We study a generalization that can be viewed as the distribution of the excess random variable (Formula presented.) given (Formula presented.), where N has the Sibuya distribution and k is an intege
Surface display couples genotype with a surface exposed phenotype and thereby allows screening of gene-encoded protein libraries for desired characteristics. Of the various display systems available, phage display is by far the most popular, mainly thanks to its ability to harbour large size libraries. Here, we describe the first use of a Gram-positive bacterial host for display of a library of hu
Low- and high-dose infections with the murine large intestinal nematode Trichuris muris are associated with induction of adaptive Th1 and Th2 responses, respectively, in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Classical dendritic cells (cDC) accumulate in the large intestinal mucosa and MLN upon T. muris infection, yet their role in driving adaptive responses to infection remains largely unknown. We perform
Chancroid caused by Haemophilus ducreyi has been described as a significantly predisposing factor of HIV heterosexual transmission in an endemic region of both diseases. The fastidious, H. ducreyi has been reported world wide with various antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. A high tendency of drug resistances has generally been found among isolates derived in Thailand. In this study, the plasmi
Boosting innate immunity represents an important therapeutic alternative to antibiotics. However, the molecular selectivity of this approach is a major concern because innate immune responses often cause collateral tissue damage. We identify the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7), a heterodimer partner of IRF-3, as a target for non-antibiotics-based therapy of bacterial in
Helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen and a common cause of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Despite H. pylori provoking strong innate and adaptive immune responses, the bacterium is able to successfully establish long-term infections. Vitronectin (Vn), a component of both the extracellular matrix and plasma, is involved in many physiological processes, including regulation of the co
CD103+CD11b+ dendritic cells (DC) are the major migratory DC subset in the small intestine lamina propria (siLP) and their survival is dependent on the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4). Mice with a DC-specific deletion of irf4 (CD11c-cre.Irf4 mice) have reduced mucosal CD103+CD11b+ DC and altered T cell differentiation to protein antigen. The influence of CD103+CD11b+ DC
IL-18 has been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), however its role in the regulation of intestinal CD4+ T-cell function remains unclear. Here we show that murine intestinal CD4+ T cells express high levels of IL-18Rα and provide evidence that IL-18Rα expression is induced on these cells subsequent to their entry into the intestinal mucosa. Using the CD45RBhi T-cell transfer colitis mo
Health care organizations are under increasing pressure to account for their performance to outside constituencies. This chapter reviews the background, nature, and consequences of organized efforts to enhance transparency in health care. Market reforms and quality concerns create mounting demands for public transparency, but health care quality is difficult to assess in a way that is both fair an
Förbränning är både vår största källa till energi och ett stort hot mot miljön i form av föroreningar och växthusgaser. Ett par av de stora bovarna i sammanhanget är koldioxid och kväveoxider och de stora mängderna av dessa i atmosfären. Där bidrar koldioxid till den globala uppvärmningen i egenskap av växthusgas. Kväveoxider påverkar både miljö och människors hälsa negativt genom att bilda marknCombustion of fuels is a major source of energy and at the same time a threat to the environment. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are one of the obstacles on the route to cleaner energy. Combining Carbon Capture and Storage-technology (CCS) with use of biofuels lead to a negative net release of CO2 can be achieved. With some CCS-techniques the CO2 is repurposed in the combustion process together wi
Tissue damage is usually regarded as a necessary price to pay for successful elimination of pathogens by the innate immune defense. Yet, it is possible to distinguish protective from destructive effects of innate immune activation and selectively attenuate molecular nodes that create pathology. Here, we identify acute cystitis as an Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)-driven, hyper-inflammatory condition o
Children can and should be encouraged to take an active part in their own care. With the introduction of online health care centers, where the main interaction is provided through digital consultations, the process for including the child must be revised. In addition to the medical and legal challenges, the digital interface needs to be designed so that the parent is encouraged to involve the chil
Buildings are getting taller due to increased urbanisation and densification of cities. More advanced construction methods and the desire to construct impressive buildings is also supporting the trend. Due to their inherent slenderness resulting in low eigenfrequencies, these buildings are susceptible to wind-induced vibrations which can be highly disturbing for occupants. Already barely perceivab
This paper presents a fully automated method for segmentation of 3D SPECT ventilation and perfusion images. It relies on statistical information on lung shape derived by CT manual segmentation and its main processing steps are: shape model extraction, binary segmentation, positioning of mean shape in SPECT images and iterative shape adaptation based on intensity profiles and on what is considered
The kidneys are the major organs affected in diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (D(+)HUS). The pathophysiology of renal disease in D(+)HUS is largely the result of the interaction between bacterial virulence factors such as Shiga toxin and lipopolysaccharide and host cells in the kidney and in the blood circulation. This chapter describes in detail the current knowledge of how these bac
This manuscript presents novel approaches to grow and evaluate Streptococcal biofilm formation using the human respiratory pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) as the main model organism on biological surfaces in vitro and in vivo. Most biofilm models are based on growth on abiotic surfaces, which is relevant for many pathogens whose growth on surfaces or medical devices is a major
