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Holism, abduction and causality are ways of reasoning that can complement each other to enable better understanding of contemporary wicked problems. Current social challenges include a global housing crisis, unwanted isolation and polarized societies. Systems thinking is instrumental to zoom out a specific phenomenon in an attempt to capture the complexity of reality. It also provides a holistic v
Global supply chain management concerns the management of sourcing, manufacturing, and distribution that take place in different countries before a product is sold and delivered to the final buyers. From the view of the focal manufacturing firm, a global supply chain consists of three key parts: the upstream supply network, the manufacturing network of plants belonging to the focal firm, and the d
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant linked with various adverse health effects, including immune system dysfunction. Gut microbial dysbiosis can contribute to a wide range of pathogenesis, particularly immune disease. Here, we investigated the impact of DBP on the gut microbiome and examined correlations with immune system changes after five weeks oral exposure (10
A sports-related concussion (SRC) is most commonly sustained in contact sports, and is defined as a mild traumatic brain injury. An exercise-induced elevation of core body temperature is associated with increased brain temperature that may accelerate secondary injury processes following SRC, and exacerbate the brain injury. In a recent pilot study, acute head-neck cooling of 29 concussed ice hocke
The cellular hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) are the loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons and the formation of α-synuclein-enriched Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in the remaining neurons. Based on the topographic distribution of Lewy bodies established after autopsy of brains from PD patients, Braak and coworkers hypothesized that Lewy pathology primes in the enteric nervous system and spread
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the association between structural changes in human atria, age, and history of atrial fibrillation (AF). BACKGROUND: Development of fibrosis in atrial walls is associated with deterioration of atrial conduction and predisposes to AF in experiment. Human data, however, are scarce, and whether fibrosis is a cause or consequence of AF is not known.
Generation Z has increasingly become one of the fastest-growing travel segments and a crucial market to target. The growth and behaviour of this economically significant market will have enormous implications for the future development of the tourism industry and destinations and its long-term sustainability. This introductory chapter provides a critical examination of Gen Z consumer and travel be
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797) was an English philosopher in the Enlightenment tradition, writer, novelist, and book reviewer. She was an advocate for women’s rights and for equality of wealth and privilege and supported the French Revolution. She made her name in 1790 as the author of A Vindication of the Rights of Men, the first published commentary on Edmund Burke’s critique of the French Revo
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy disorder characterized by systemic endothelial damage that leads to long-term cardiovascular complications. The endothelial glycocalyx (EG) covers the luminal surface of endothelium playing a critical role in vascular homeostasis. In this study we aimed to evaluate EG thickness and blood pressure (BP) trends in women with a history of PE vs. normotensive pregnancy.
Warfare has been commonly associated with increasing levels of inflation, with important implications for tax systems. In this chapter, we first review the literature on war finance and inflation, considering both the fiscal causes of inflation during wartimes and the effects of inflation on tax revenues. Second, we focus on developments with regard to income tax during the World Wars, building up
Exposure to urban air pollution during early pregnancy is associated with increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preeclampsia (PE), and there is an urgent need to understand how air pollution affects biological mechanisms in the placenta. Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are fetal placental macrophages that regulate immune tolerance in the placenta. They are normally polarized towards an anti
Background: Previous studies suggest an antidepressant effect of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). This effect may be larger in patients with low-grade inflammation, defined as mild elevations of high sensitivity C-reactive protein or other commonly used inflammatory markers. The antidepressant mechanisms of n-3 PUFAs are not fully understood but may involve modulation of immunometabolic processes
