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Objectives To determine the prevalence of HIV and related behavioural risks among Iranian female sex workers (FSW) via the first national biobehavioural surveillance survey. Methods In 2010, 1005 FSW were approached and 872 recruited using facility-based sampling from 21 sites in 14 cities in Iran. We collected dried blood samples and conducted face-to-face interviews using a standardised question
Background: The use of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) blocking agents in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is increasing, and the SSATG register has followed patients with PsA for more than 5 years. The aim of the present work therefore was to present efficacy and tolerability data of TNF-blocking agents on PsA in clinical practice, and to study potential predictors for drug survival (the length of time a p
A recent population-based, longitudinal study from Finland observed a dose-response association between smoking during pregnancy (SDP) and use of psychotropic medications in exposed children and young adults. However, this association may be confounded by unmeasured familial characteristics related to both SDP and offspring mental health. Consequently, we aim to investigate the effect of SDP by me
Background and objective: The pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid (MPA) are complex, with large interindividual variability over time. There are also well documented interactions with ciclosporin, and assessment of MPA exposure is therefore necessary when reducing or stopping ciclosporin therapy. Here we report on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behaviour of MPA in renal transplant patie
Purpose: To increase the understanding of storytelling in the realm of social entrepreneurship, and to highlight how storytelling is used in social entrepreneurial resource acquisition. Methodology: With an interpretivist and objectivist stance qualitative interview material has been collected from 9 respondents. Analysis and conclusions are based on an iterative interpretation of primary intervie
Fram till för några decennier sedan, innan ordförande Maos död, var Kina avstängt från resten av världen. Idag är Kina världens näst största ekonomi och en mycket attraktiv destination för utländska investeringar. Medan denna ekonomiska explosion har medfört enorm teknikutveckling för Kina, har vissa observatörer påstått att dessa framsteg har kommit genom det som kallas "tvångsöverföring av Up until a few decades ago, before the death of Chairman Mao, China was closed off from the rest of the world. Today, China is the second largest economy in the world and a very attractive destination for foreign investment. While this economic explosion has brought with it tremendous advancement in technology for China, some observers have alleged that these advancements have come through what is
The stylized fact that stock markets are not perfectly liquid propels banks to incorporate liquidity risk in the risk metrics so that market risk can be managed properly. Disregarding liquidity risk can lead to an underestimation of overall risk and substantial losses. This is particularly true in emerging markets where illiquidity problem is more severe than in developed market economies. Liquidi
The Covid-19 pandemic is one of the deadliest in modern history. Vaccines are currently the primary resource used for stopping the pandemic and minimizing harm. Yet despite scientific literature demonstrating the inefficiency of inequitable vaccine distribution, richer countries have historically and are currently procuring disproportionate amounts of vaccines; causing higher mortality rates, decr
There are many policy areas where the different governmental bodies need to work together to provide a service. Healthcare for elders in Sweden is one example where the region and municipality need to coordinate. The collaboration of eldercare has been criticised over the years for not living up to the set standards. The responsible authority for eldercare has changed a number of times since its i
Beskattning av den digitala ekonomin har varit en av de mest centrala delarna i den internationella skattekontexten under det senaste decenniet. Digitaliseringen har gett upphov till nya affärsmodeller som har lett till ett ökat tryck på det internationella skattesystemet som inrättades på 1920-talet. Eftersom dagens internationella skatteregler inte har anpassats till den digitala affärsmiljön, fThe taxation of the digital economy has been the leading topic in the area of international taxation in the last decade. The ongoing digitalisation has introduced new business models which have led to increased pressure on the international tax system, which was established in the 1920s. As today’s international tax rules have not kept pace with the unique conditions linked to digital business mod
Food insecurity is increasing globally again after declining for decades, and in Nigeria alone 13 million people are experiencing food insecurity. Particularly in North-East Nigeria food insecurity has reached emergency levels. Because of intrastate conflict between the Nigerian state and Boko Haram it has been difficult to mitigate food insecurity, even though Nigeria ranks in the top ten in worl
In contemporary China, society is dominated by heteronormativity. Sexual minorities are still in a precarious condition as a result of the ingrained sociofamilial norms and the gendered conventions of marriage. This investigation is designed as a case study, focusing on the life accounts of a Chinese homosexual couple and their online grassroots activism. Three theoretical concepts have been appli
World population is increasing rapidly and cities are growing constantly outwards, in most cases taking over the agricultural lands. Besides Sweden imports 65% of agricultural products and if some situation like pandemic happens and neighbouring countries close the border completely the fresh vegetables will only last for 14 days! Responsible authority for this is the municipalities who have almos
Wood decay fungi are often classified as either brown rot or white rot, depending on their mechanism of accessing nutrients in wood. This dichotomy assumes that white rot fungi break down lignin with various enzymes, while brown rot fungi leave it mostly unmodified and instead bypass it with diffusion of small molecules to reach the desired hemicellulose and cellulose. The effect of different sour
Rwanda’s post-genocide development is often mentioned as an exceptional success story. Thereby, education is not only one of the main drivers for development, in Rwanda it has a special significance because knowledge and expertise are the main pillars for Rwanda’s vision for the future. The past years, the Rwandan government tries to expand the education of its population and aims to decrease educ
Abstract Purpose First, this study aimed to explore the development of CSR as a discourse and theoretical concept from the 1950’s until today. The purpose of this was to generate insights into how CSR agendas have changed over time and to better understand where it is today. The second aim was to better grasp the business-societal dynamics and implications of CSR as a practice today, so we conduct
This thesis explores aspects of vogue femme as a highly aestheticised, performative, and radically subversive visual phenomenon. The focus lies on the posthuman characteristics of this dance and the possibilities it opens up for becoming-other. Vogue femme first appeared as a competition category at balls during the 1990s. It consists of five elements (hands performance, duckwalk, catwalk, spins a
This study investigates the seemingly increasing spread of accentedness within Japanese i-adjectives in lexical final form, shuushikei, and adnominal form, rentaikei, by conducting an online survey containing Likert scale questions. Once the data had been collected, the informants were separated into age groups and their results compared between each other. In addition, the current results were co
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the attitude of Japanese university students towards religious phenomena in Japan, with specific emphasis on the ones labelled new religious movements. This has been achieved through ten semi-structured interviews with female and male university students based in Tokyo, all with varying personal experiences with religion. Drawing on Horii (2018) and L
