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This study discusses why trade unions at the European level do not play as an important role as early neofunctionalist theory (E.B. Haas) had foreseen. The study thereby provides a twofold answer, as both, the accuracy of the theory as such and the weaknesses of the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) in particular, are problematised. Structurally, the research is conducted with the help of
Developing countries are particularly new to the usage of voluntary environmental agreements and they have not fully explored the opportunity to take advantage of companies that are willing to regulate themselves voluntarily. Their formal regulative environment is often hampered by the absence of clear and enforced environmental standards, lack of human and financial resources. This paper provide
Democratization of plural societies is an oft-cited source of identity-based conflict. It has come to a point where concepts such as transition and stability sometimes are polarized by scholars and politicians and this is the case in Uganda. This study challenges the notion that elections must underpin identity-based conflicts and presents a more optimistic view on the role of democratic instituti
As the wars on the Balkans emerged in the early 1990's and continued to colour the European reality over almost a decade, a fierce debate regarding questions of guilt, necessary actions, and roads to peace was initiated. In Sweden it was not as broad and competent as in other European countries, but it did allow certain odd features in the everyday life, such as a party, 'the Sarajevo-list
This thesis addresses the legal protection of geographical indications (GIs) at three levels: the World Trade Organisation (WTO), the European Community (EC) and Vietnam, with the main focus on protection of GIs in the EC. The 1st part contains some general remarks concerning the rationale, purpose, delimitation, and methodology of this thesis. The 2nd part introduces some backgrounds on GIs such
Global Merger and Acquisition activity reached record levels in 2006, with the US and EU playing a large role in this activity. This paper examines the duties of a board which is subject to a takeover bid and any defensive moves the board may take to protect its company from acquisition. The US law in this field requires the boards to actively participate in any bid offers and grants these boards
Armed conflict, either internationally or internally, has caused great sufferings to the victims and society as a whole. It constitutes a situation where the rule of law is absent and human rights are no longer respected. Even though various preventive endeavours have been campaigned and implemented by the international community, the occurrences of armed conflicts are still inevitable due to poli
The thesis is based on a field study in Indonesia conducted in October-December 2001 and it focuses on one part of the Australian strategy for preventing asylum seekers from entering its borders in an irregular manner: an arrangement on the interception of asylum seekers transiting Indonesia en route to Australia. The Australian government argues that it wants to prevent secondary movements. It is
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) har under det senaste decenniet blivit ett allt mer relevant koncept. De flesta multinationella företag (Multinational Enterprises, MNEs) har formulerat uppförandekoder och många har också anslutit sig till internationella initiativ som fokuserar på CSR, som exempelvis Förenta Nationernas Global Compact. Genom globalisering, avreglering, paradigmskiften och inCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has during the last decade become an increasingly relevant concept. Most Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) have formulated Corporate Codes of Conduct, and many have also joined international initiatives focusing on CSR, such as the United Nations Global Compact. Through globalisation, deregulation, paradigm shifts and not least the development of information te
Finansmarknaden genomgick stora förändringar innan 2000-talet och placeringsrådgivning kom att spela en allt viktigare roll. Tidigare hade det inte funnits lagstiftning på området, vilket man nu införde. Först kom Lag (2003:862) om finansiell rådgivning till konsumenter (FRL), därefter utfärdades ett EG-direktiv. Direktivet införlivades i svensk rätt genom Lag (2007:528) om värdepappersmarknaden (The Financial Market went through significant changes before the 2000’s and investments advisory played an increasingly important role. Earlier there had not been any legislation on the subject which there is now. The first legislation was the act of financial advisory and after that the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive, MiFID came from the EU. MiFID was implemented into Swedish law thro
Taking in to consideration the countless human rights violations and impunity in Africa, there is not a shred of doubt about the dire need for effective human rights protection mechanisms at continental level. This concern has mainly increased due to the Africa Commission’s poor track record of enforcement of human rights norms in the region. Hence, it is in the effort to cure the ills suffered by
The aim of this paper is to investigate the following three main research questions. A) How do Pakistani men define masculinities? B) How do they reflect on the role of religion, socio/cultural practices in the construction of masculinities in Pakistani context? C) How do Pakistani men define themselves in two different contexts (Pakistan and Sweden)? To answer these research questions, I have emp
In Sweden there has recently been a change in the code from the former BFS2010:2 BKR 13 to Eurocode 5. This shift has led to changes when calculating the design capacity for all materials including wood. One of the parameters that were changed was the strength of wood perpendicular to the grain. The characteristic value required was decreased from 8 MPa to 2.7 MPa which have a relativity large imp
In this paper, several methods such as VAR and EGARCH are employed to examine the relationship between trading volume, stock index returns and volatility in Nordic countries for the period 1999 to 2009. Our results confirm a positive relationship between trading volume and absolute stock returns. More specifically, there are bidirectional causality in Demark and Finland while Sweden and Norway are
Since the beginning of the new millennium the Rights-Based Approach (RBA) to development has come to influence the international development agenda, challenging the traditional charity model and the Basic Needs Approach (BNA). A large theoretical literature can be found on RBA, as well as training material and handbooks for development practitioners. Little is to be found, however, on the implicat
