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Objectives The aims of this study were to collect and review tuberculosis (TB)-HIV data for Europe and to provide an overview of current health policies addressing co-infection. Methods We collected reported cases of TB-HIV from the 25 most affected member states of the World Health Organization (WHO) European region. Countries were also asked whether they had implemented health policies covering
Simultaneous sacchatification and fermentation (SSF) of steam-pretreated wood constitutes an attractive process configuration for ethanol production from biomass. However, the high enzyme addition in SSF contributes to a high process cost. In this study we explore the effect of the non-ionic surfactant Tween-20 as an additive in SSE Tween-20 addition at 2.5 g/l had several positive effects on SSF:
The antral hormone gastrin and its intestinal relative, cholecystokinin (CCK), are pivotal in the regulation of gastric functions. Other gastric hormones like ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY), and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), however, also contribute to the regulation of acid secretion, motility, and feeding. Because gastrin and CCK are crucial for gastric homeostasis, we examined how loss of gastri
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to investigate how flush-perfusion of the heart with cold cardioplegic solution, 2 or 12 hours of cold ischemic storage, and 24 hours of reperfusion affect coronary endothelial function and coronary vascular resistance. METHODS: Porcine coronary arterial endothelial and smooth muscle function was studied in organ baths. An adult porcine working heart model was
This study investigated the possibility of identifying narrative problems at an early age (5-year-old children with language impairment). Furthermore, we explored the relationship between the comprehension of a story and the ability to structure the contents of the same story in a group of preschool children with language impairment. The results showed that the participants did not exhibit age-app
In concert with the latest experiment of velocity imaging technique [X. P. Zhang et al., ChemPhysChem 9, 1130 (2008)], quantum chemical calculations with relativistic effect were performed on the photodissociation of bromobenzene (BrPh) and iodobenzene (IPh) at 266 nm. The method of multistate second order multiconfigurational perturbation theory in conjunction with spin-orbit interaction through
Cytogenetic biomarkers are by far the most frequently used endpoints in human population studies. Their sensitivity for measuring exposure to genotoxic agents and their role as early predictors of cancer risk have contributed to this success. In this article, we present an overview of the last 25 years of population studies with cytogenetic biomarkers, describing the evolution of this research and
The extensive overlap in morphological characters between populations of Dunlin Calidris alpina imposes problems of determining the origin of migrating and wintering birds. The morphology of the birds also varies between the sexes, and the sex of a Dunlin may often be difficult to determine. To clarify if mitochondrial DNA can be used to identify which breeding areas migrating Dunlin come from, we
A cohesive crack model is used to analyse failure of wood in mode I along the grain. Several configurations of the gradual fracture softening behaviour of an interface, meshed with joint-elements located on the potential crack path, are investigated. Different constitutive laws, obtained from a single normalized polynomial function, are tested in order to estimate the influence of parameters such
LuCuGaO4 has magnetic Cu2+ and diamagnetic Ga3+ ions distributed on a triangular bilayer and is suggested to undergo a spin glass transition at T-g similar to 0.4 K. Using mu SR (muon spin rotation) and neutron scattering measurements, we show that at low temperature the spins form a short range correlated state with spin fluctuations detectable over a wide range of timescales: at 0.05 K magnetic
The valence states of free neutral potassium clusters produced by a gas aggregation source were probed by synchrotron radiation based photoelectron spectroscopy. The first ionization energy (IE) of the clusters was determined to be 10% larger than the work function of bulk potassium. Using electrostatic concepts and the IE, the mean size of the clusters was estimated to be approximate to 2000 atom
Although phylogenetically nested within the moths, butterflies have diverged extensively in a number of life history traits. Whereas moths rely greatly on chemical signals, visual advertisement is the hallmark of mate finding in butterflies. In the context of courtship, however, male chemical signals are widespread in both groups although they likely have multiple evolutionary origins. Here, we re
The rapidly growing collection of diverse genome-scale data from multiple tumor types sheds light on various aspects of the underlying tumor biology. With the objective to identify genes of importance for breast tumorigenesis in men and to enable comparisons with genes important for breast cancer development in women, we applied the computational framework COpy Number and EXpression In Cancer (CON
Three mononuclear metal complexes, [{PO2((NHPy)-Py-2)(2)}(2)M] [Py-2 - 2-pyridyl; M - Zn (1), Ni (2), Co (3)], have been synthesized by reacting metal nitrates with tetrakis(2-pyridylamino)phosphonium chloride, [P((NHPy)-Py-2)(4)]Cl, under solvothermal reaction conditions. The ligand, [P((NHPy)-Py-2)(4)]Cl, is hydrolyzed in the reaction medium. All of the complexes are isostructural and show an oc
Popular Abstract in Swedish Övergripande syfte Syftet med avhandlingen var att utvärdera hur en förenklad metod för diagnostisering av blodproppar i benets djupa ådror (djup ventrombos (DVT)) fungerar i svensk rutinsjukvård. Den förenklade metoden innebär användning av en strukturerad klinisk sannolikhetsbedömning tillsammans med ett blodprov (D-dimer test). Vi jämförde också vår D-dimermetod med The combination of pre-test clinical probability assessment and D-dimer test is now widely applied in the diagnostic process of DVT. The general objective of the present investigation was to validate these results in a Swedish routine emergency setting were the prevalence of the disease is high and were the clinical probability assessment was handled by many junior physicians. Furthermore, our aim
BACKGROUND: Animal studies indicate that some phthalate metabolites may harm female reproductive function. OBJECTIVES: We assessed the associations between exposure to phthalate metabolites and pregnancy loss. METHODS: Using a previously established cohort of couples planning their first pregnancy, we analyzed four primary and two oxidized secondary phthalate metabolites in urine samples collected
A functionally normal TP53 is essential to protect organisms from developing cancer. Somatic mutations in the gene represent one of the highest recurring perturbations in human tumours, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the variegated phenotype of wide spectrum of somatic mutations in TP53 and the complexity of the disease prevent a straight interpretation of the mutational analysis in t
In this study the feasibility of applying proton-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE) to the trace element analysis of human tooth enamel and dentine is investigated. Detection limits on the order of 1–10 ppm are obtained. Depth yields for different elements and proton energies are discussed. Enhancement calculations show that the effect for PIXE analysis is less important than for X-ray ind
Many people have experienced computers not doing what they were expected to do or, perhaps more often, met with computers that deliver faulty results. Frequently, if not always, such behavior is blamed the lack of a complete requirements specification. hi this assertion, it is tacitly understood that if a specification is correct and comprehensive enough then it is possible to avoid computing erro
