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The genomes that organisms transmit between generations contain information about different kinds of functions. The genome with the "best" mix and number of genes for these functions is the one that natural selection favours. Here I introduce a new way to model simple organisms with genes for external and internal functions, and use it to study the evolution of genome size. The external functions
This paper presents an analysis of phase noise in multiphase LC oscillators, and measurement results for several CMOS quadrature-voltage-controlled-oscillators (QVCOs) working in the 2-GHz frequency range. The phase noise data for a so-called BS-QVCO (-140 dBc/Hz or less at 3 MHz frequency offset from the carrier, for a power consumption of 20.8 mW and a figure-of-merit of 184 dBc/Hz) show that ph
Popular Abstract in Swedish Utformningen av fattigvården och de arbetskrav man ställer på mottagarna har alltid varit kontroversiella frågor i socialpolitiken, såväl under fattig- och arbetshusens tidsålder under 1800-talet, som i nuvarande diskussioner om socialbidrag och aktivering av bidragstagarna. Den första delen av avhandlingen diskuterar begreppen fattigdom, marginalisering och social utesManagement of poor relief and work demands have been controversial questions in social policy during the workhouse era of the nineteenth century as well as in current discussions on social assistance and activation of recipients. The first part contains a discussion on the concepts of poverty, marginalisation, and social exclusion, and continues with an overview of activation policies for recipien
Eleven healthy women with regular menstrual cycles were examined with a combination of two-dimensional real-time ultrasound and color and spectral Doppler techniques on the 7th day after follicular rupture, and on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th days of menstrual bleeding. Both uterine arteries, arteries in the stroma and hila of both ovaries, in the wall of the largest follicle of the non-dominant ovar
Falling birth rates within the European Union have given rise to a number of studies, trying to analyse and interpret why women (and men) choose not to have (many) children. One attempt in this direction is made by an ongoing EU-project, involving eight countries, including Sweden. Qualitative interviews focusing on couples' decisions to have- or not have - children have been carried out in each c
The evolution of dispersal was investigated in an adaptive individual-based metapopulation model, which allowed for demographic and environmental stochasticity. The individual dispersal behaviour was determined by a one-locus genotype subjected to simple inheritance and mutation. Dispersal behaviour could therefore evolve through the genotype–phenotype mapping and the selection regimes stemming fr
Dextran-conjugated EGF (EGF-dextran) has a potential use for targeted radionuclide therapy of tumors that overexpress the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). There are plans to treat both bladder carcinomas and malignant gliomas with local injections of radiolabeled EGF-dextran since these tumors often express high levels of EGFR. In this report we show that EGF and EGF-dextran differentially
Popular Abstract in Swedish Sjukgymnaster har behandlat patienter i samband med kirurgisk behandling sedan början på 1900-talet och den dominerande uppgiften har varit att förebygga lungkomplikationer och blodproppar samt att bedöma behovet av vidare rehabilitering efter utskrivning. Den medicinska utvecklingen går emellertid snabbt framåt och sjukgymnasten har en utmanande uppgift i att utveckla The overall aim of this work was to study the influence of surgery on energy expenditure (EE) during working capacity measurements and during walking. In the first study the aim was to investigate whether two different devices were sensitive enough to reveal differences in energy expenditure during treadmill walking, and if the measurements were reproducible. It was shown that an airflow of 42.5
Purpose. In previous studies of subretinal transplantation in rabbits, the host photoreceptor layer seemed to prevent the bridging of neuronal fibers between the graft and the host retina. The current study was undertaken to determine whether the same phenomenon occurs in transplants to the subretinal space of the vascularized retina of rats. Bridging of fibers was examined in transplants to anima
As the ‘third wave’ progressed it has been argued that democratisation should be analysed in terms of partial regimes rather than with multidimensional concepts of democracy. This article analyses the democratic qualities of one such partial regime, albeit arguably the core dimension of representative democracy: multiparty elections. The analysis focuses on the three basic democratic values of ele
This article seeks to describe and understand relational interaction processes in project networks, and suggests that there is a connection between the characteristics of a project network and the type of interactions within it. We suggest that time, legitimacy and power structure determine the type of interaction processes that occur. Four case studies of service-producing project networks show t
In the 1990s, HIV/AIDS became a major threat to health, economic stability and human development in countries in eastern Europe and central Asia. Social, political and economic transition exacerbated the structural conditions that allowed HIV/AIDS to flourish as dramatic changes led to increasing drug injection, economic decline and failing health and healthcare systems. There is a need to address
Questions: How will density-dependent and costly dispersal evolve in populations subject to local density regulation and environmental stochasticity? What type of density response will evolve, a strong threshold type response or a soft response gradually increasing dispersal? Method: An individual-based model including density dependence, environmental fluctuations, and population variation was us
Background: The postantibiotic effect (PAE) of meropenem and ciprofloxacin was studied in the presence of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the PAEs of the combinations differed from the PAEs of the antibiotics alone. Methods: The PAEs of the combinations of 5-FU plus meropenem or ciprofloxacin were determined with viable counts aga
This article shows that language must be conceived of as a natural system that becomes structured through rhythmic driving forces. This gives weight to the hypothesis that rotatio¬nal dynamics is basic to the effects that selective textual movement patterns have on the evolution of texture, i.e. a text surface. The experimental procedure has been focused on the manipulation of text translation, as
A biogeochemical model of vegetation using observed climate data predicts the high northern latitude greening trend over the past two decades observed by satellites and a marked setback in this trend after the Mount Pinatubo, volcano eruption in 1991. The observed trend toward earlier spring budburst and increased maximum leaf area is produced by the model as a consequence of biogeochemical vegeta
Upon encounter with antigen, the B lymphocyte population responds by producing a diverse set of antigen-specific antibodies of various isotypes. The vast size of the responding populations makes it very difficult to study clonal evolution and repertoire composition occurring during these processes in humans. Here, we have explored an approach utilizing the H-EPSILON-encoding transcriptome to inves
The available evidence suggests that both genes and environment play a crucial role in the development of juvenile-onset myopia. When the human visual system is examined from an evolutionary perspective, it becomes apparent that humans, living in the original environmental niche for which our species is genetically adapted (as hunter-gatherers), are either slightly hypermetropic or emmetropic and
