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Contrasting Greenland and Antarctic temperatures during the last glacial period (115,000 to 11,650 years ago) are thought to have been driven by imbalances in the rates of formation of North Atlantic and Antarctic Deep Water (the 'bipolar seesaw'). Here we exploit a bidecadally resolved 14C data set obtained from New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis) to undertake high-precision alignment of key cl
This study is based on fine-mode aerosol samples collected in the upper troposphere (UT) and the lowermost stratosphere (LMS) of the Northern Hemisphere extratropics during monthly intercontinental flights at 8.8-12 km altitude of the IAGOS-CARIBIC platform in the time period 1999-2014. The samples were analyzed for a large number of chemical elements using the accelerator-based methods PIXE (part
Here we report new reconstructions of winter temperature and summer moisture during the past millennium in southeastern Sweden, based on stable-isotope data from a composite tree-ring sequence, that further enhances our knowledge and understanding of seasonal climate variability in the Northern Hemisphere over the past millennium. Key features of these new climate proxy records include evidence fo
Knowledge on the occurrence rate of extreme solar storms is strongly limited by the relatively recent advent of satellite monitoring of the Sun. To extend our perspective of solar storms prior to the satellite era and because atmospheric ionization induced by solar energetic particles (SEPs) can lead to the production of odd nitrogen, nitrate spikes in ice cores have been tentatively used to docum
Sources of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) in atmospheric aerosols (carbonaceous aerosols) were investigated by collection of weekly aerosol filter samples at six background sites in Northern Europe (Birkenes, Norway; Vavihill, Sweden; Risoe, Denmark; Cabauw and Rotterdam in The Netherlands; Melpitz, Germany) during winter 2013. Analysis of 14C and a set of molecular tracers were use
The pre-industrial millennium is among the periods selected by the Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project (PMIP) for experiments contributing to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and the fourth phase of the PMIP (PMIP4). The past1000 transient simulations serve to investigate the response to (mainly) natural forcing under background conditions not too differe
For decades, enhancement of ice concentrations above those of active ice nucleus aerosols was observed in deep clouds with tops too warm for homogeneous freezing, indicating fragmentation of ice (multiplication). Several possible mechanisms of fragmentation have been suggested from laboratory studies, and one of these involves fragmentation in ice-ice collisions. In this two-part paper, the role o
Anthropogenic emissions and land use changes have modified atmospheric aerosol concentrations and size distributions over time. Understanding preindustrial conditions and changes in organic aerosol due to anthropogenic activities is important because these features (1) influence estimates of aerosol radiative forcing and (2) can confound estimates of the historical response of climate to increases
Designers’ work sometimes originates from a simplified view of human demands and needs, which may result in furniture that does not fulfill the user requirements. If we consider old people as one group with fairly similar needs and demands rather than have realistic images of old people as a heterogeneous group there is a tendency that it will result in misguided efforts to design for wellbeing. T
A threshold analysis of terminated braided block codes (BBCs) is presented for the binary erasure channel. Protograph based BBCs (PG-BBCs) are considered, which can be derived by lifting the Tanner graph of a tightly braided block code. They can be interpreted as GLDPC convolutional codes that are structured in a particular way. It is shown that the terminated PG-BBCs have better thresholds than t
Window decoding schedules are very attractive for message passing decoding of spatially coupled LDPC codes. They take advantage of the inherent convolutional code structure and allow continuous transmission with low decoding latency and complexity. In this paper we show that the decoding complexity can be further reduced if suitable message passing schedules are applied within the decoding window.
In this paper we investigate the frame-error correcting performance of two newly developed, non-binary belief propagation based, soft-in/soft-out decoding algorithms when decoding Reed-Solomon codes. We present results for the AWGN channel indicating that non-binary belief propagation can come close to the performance of the binary adaptive Belief-Propagation algorithm or even slightly better when
Recent advances of body networks enable the acquisition of personal context from various kinds of body sensors. As a result, how to build a platform to properly manage personal context becomes a problem. In order to address this issue, we design and implement a mobile physical space gateway (MPSG) which is a generic context management framework in mobile spaces. This framework includes three layer
In this paper we address the problem of generating efficient software implementations for a large class of dataflow programs that is characterized by highly data-dependent behavior and which is therefore in general not amenable to compile-time scheduling. Previous work on implementing dataflow programs has emphasized classes of stream processing algorithms that exhibit sufficiently regular behavio
This paper develops a control integration methodology that can be used to balance competing performance objectives. The target application for the method is blood glucose management for diabetic patients. The true system model is uncertain and changes over time. Multiple controllers have been designed with competing performance objectives in mind. In the proposed method, on-line predictors are use
We deal with the important applicative problem of distributed cameras calibration. We model a network of N cameras as an undirected graph in which communicating cameras can measure their relative orientation in a noisy way. These measures can be used in order to minimize a suitable cost function. The shape of this cost function depends on a vector of integers K. We propose two algorithms which in
