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In this work, we demonstrate an effective anion capturing in an aqueous medium using a highly porous carbon paper decorated with ZnO nanorods. A sol–gel technique was first employed to form a thin and compact seed layer of ZnO nanoparticles on the dense network of carbon fibers in the carbon paper. Subsequently, ZnO nanorods were successfully grown on the pre-seeded carbon papers using inexpensive
For rural communities, energy projects can provide a host of benefits, and yet also be a source of significant conflict. Place attachment has become an increasingly popular concept for understanding local responses to large scale renewable energy installations. However, there has been significantly less attention paid to how place attachment influences local responses to community-led developments
Legislative efforts for renewables-based energy decarbonisation hinge upon the support and commitment from different stakeholders holding often conflicting positions regarding disruptive processes of socio-technical transformation. However, the evolving acceptance of market actors on the policy-driven promotion of renewables over time remains under-scrutinised. Simultaneously, despite growing atte
Biomass or bioenergy is attracting growing attention as a sustainable and renewable energy source, which is abundant and available around the world. There are many studies on bioenergy potentials with estimates ranging from less than 100 EJ/yr to more than 500 EJ/yr in 2050. Some studies indicate that by 2100 more than 1000 EJ/yr is conceivable. To comprehend the magnitude of the estimates, the wo
After the oil crises in the 1970s, the local government in the town of Enköping in Sweden was cautioned by the local Swedish military regiment to shift towards domestic energy supplies rather than imported fossil fuels. During the 1980s the local energy companies investigated opportunities in bioenergy. In the 1990s the local energy companies and local government developed an innovative bioenergy
On 14 November 2012 the new EU-directive 2012/27/EU was published in the Official Journal of the European Union. In the directive there is a requirement, among others, for individual consumption meters for heat and hot water to be installed by 31 December 2016 in multi-apartment buildings. Individual consumption meters had earlier been found to create a saving behavior due to the tenants being cha
How would a low-carbon energy transformation affect energy security? This paper proposes a frame- work to evaluate energy security under long-term energy scenarios generated by integrated assessment models. Energy security is defined as low vulnerability of vital energy systems, delineated along geographic and sectoral boundaries. The proposed framework considers vulnerability as a combination of
The cost of renewable energy from wind and solar in 2019 plunged to the low levels that few policy-makers anticipated only several years ago. Such technological developments have broad implications for all Central Asian economies. The share of wind and solar energy in the region remained negligible for a long time due to the abundant supply of cheap energy from fossil or hydro resources. Central A
Current climate change is opening up the Arctic region, not only in physical terms, as ice melts and former solid frozen ocean becomes penetrable for transport and resource extraction, but also in terms of opening up to global concerns as a contested political space: geopolitical issues that used to define the Arctic has become more complicated. It is challenging for the current cooperation in the
This paper compares how analyses of energy use and efficiency have developed in households and industrial small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). I focus on earlier studies that use lifestyle categories in examining household energy use, comparing them with studies of mainly Swedish industrial SMEs using the barrier concept in understanding energy efficiency. The main question is how the use o
Negative impact of human activity-related emission of greenhouse gases on Earth's ecosphere has been known for decades, but has recently come into spotlight with unprecedented intensity. This is due to increasingly clear understanding that the global warming could soon spiral out of control. It is therefore essential to diminish the use of fossil fuels and switch to renewable energy sources. Despi
Energy security is often analysed from a state centric perspective - sometimes as a sub part of national security. That approach disguise the heterogeneity and importance of different actors. This study analyse actor’s roles and capabilities that affect their own and others energy security strategies. The Swedish road transport sector is used as an example. The study also explores how a transition
Many aspects of present energy systems and the direction towards future energy systems are incompatible with sustainable development. Sustainable bioenergy systems contribute to combating climate change and improving energy security. Expanding bioenergy decreases carbon dioxide emissions if replacing fossil fuels, establishing energy crops, or integrating with carbon capture and storage, and incre
In this paper, the potential for the transportation sector to develop in a way that is consistent with long-term climate targets will be discussed. An important question is whether technical measures will be sufficient for reaching long-term climate targets. Although there is a large potential to significantly increase the use of bioenergy from today's level, there will be severe restrictions to i
Energy efficiency ex-ante policy evaluation is commonly, but not exclusively, concerned with the simulation and modelling of policy instruments and resulting technological change. Using the residential sector as case study, the paper provides a meta-analysis of models and modelling exercises and scrutinise their relevance for the field of energy efficiency policy evaluation. The methodology of stu
