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In general, the word, photosynthesis, is considered synonymous with oxygenic photosynthesis, a process by which cyanobacteria, algae, aquatic, and terrestrial plants produce oxygen and carbohydrates, using light (photons), water and carbon dioxide. Further, we have anoxygenic bacterial photosynthesis where oxygen is not evolved, but a substrate, other than water, is oxidized, and rhodopsin-type sy
The term ‘path dependence’ is generally used to describe the development of technological standards and how they ‘lock in’ a given technical solution. The QWERTY keyboard is often given as an example of path dependence – the fact that the costs of changing the keyboard to a better, more efficient solution, hinders change. The same can be said about much of the copyright legislation today, but then
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is a critical factor in unlimited cell proliferation and immortalization, with numerous studies demonstrating that high expression of hTERT is a poor prognostic factor in various types of cancer. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2D 3 (UBE2D3) is a member of the E2 family, and participates in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway to regulate basic cellular act
In this paper, we explore cybersecurity from a sociotechnical work-system perspective and focus on the visibility and effectiveness of security practices as part of the everyday work practices of typical employees. The empirical inquiry involved 471 employees from 259 different organizations, drawn from both private and public sectors using semi-structured interviews and conducted from an interpre
A most natural view is that systems science is a science dealing with systems and their systems properties. What, then, is science that it can deal with systems properties which by nature are deeply penetrating also into the systemic nature of our conceptual processes, of language, and of science itself. We start out from an independent view of the concept of science. Namely, that sciences are ded
Abstract is not available
This chapter focuses on lessons from the arts to qualitative research, especially, what reflection on jazz improvisation may bring to qualitative research. One lesson concerns the dynamics of different kinds of authenticity. Just as jazz improvisation can be authentic in more than one way, so can research. Another lesson concerns the dynamics of observation and interpretation. Just as jazz improvi
The basic bound on the generalisation error of a PAC learner makes the assumption that a consistent hypothesis exists. This makes it appropriate to apply the method only in the case where we have a guarantee that a consistent hypothesis can be found, something that is rarely possible in real applications. The same problem arises if we decide not to use a hypothesis unless its error is below a pres
Far from being an extinct phenomenon, piracy still exists in the modern world and is a growing menace to the security and safety of shipping. Using the data on attacks against vessels reported between 1996 and 2005 merged with the data on the total world merchant fleet, this article inquires whether acts of piracy are a truly random occurrence. Results show that both flag of registry and type of v
Biomass provides the largest reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission when it replaces coal, which is the dominating fuel in heat and electricity production in Poland. One means of replacing coal with biomass is to co-fire biofuels in an existing coal-fired boiler. This paper presents an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of co-firing biofuels in Poland with respect to technical, environme
Purpose – The study aims to investigate the effects of a remote energy management service to the energy consumption of retail buildings. The study focuses on analysing the changes in energy consumption after the implementation of a facility service concept where building processes are optimized with a remote energy management system. The paper seeks to demonstrate that remotely operated building m
The Swedish energy sector has gone through a number of major changes over the last 15 years. In 1996, the electricity market was deregulated, and at the same time the prerequisites for district heating were changed, as the heat was now supposed to be sold at market price rather than self-cost price. In this chapter we analyse the process of market transformation in the district heating sector foll
The strongest constraint on Vtb presently comes from the 3 × 3 unitarity of the CKM matrix, which fixes Vtb to be very close to one. If unitarity is relaxed, current information from top production at Tevatron still leaves open the possibility that Vtb is sizably smaller than one. In minimal extensions of the standard model with extra heavy quarks, the unitarity constraints are much weaker, and th
Local factors influencing the rate of diffusion of residential photovoltaic (PV) systems are insufficiently understood. This multiple-case study explored five Swedish municipalities which have had a particularly high PV density in terms of number of installations per capita, compared to other municipalities. The aim was to identify and assess local factors that could explain these relatively high
A certain formalization of Analogical Morphology is shown to be undecidable by reduction of Post's Correspondence Problem.
