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Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmurte destruction of pancreatic beta-cells in genetically susceptible individuals. Triggers of islet autoimmunity, time course, and the precise mechanisms responsible for the progressive beta-cell failure are not completely understood. The recent escalation of obesity in affluent countries has been suggested to contribute to the increased incidence of type

Background: Although widely used, the validity and reliability of the Clavien classification of postoperative complications have not been tested in urologic procedures, such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Objective: To validate the Clavien score and categorise complications of PCNL. Design, setting, and participants: Data for 528 patients with complications after PCNL were used to create

Context: Newly discovered biomarkers ideally should prove clinical usefulness, provide additional detection, staging, and prognosis information to improve individual risk assessment, and potentially permit targeted cancer therapy. Objective: To review, display, and evaluate the current evidence regarding the biologic and analytic approach of urinary prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) in prostate cancer

Aim. The aim of this paper was to evaluate short-term outcome of the use of endoanchors to secure the primary migrated endograft and additional extender cuffs to the aortic wall in patients with previous failed endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. Methods. Consecutive patients who needed proximal repair of a primary failed endograft due to migration (with or without type IA endoleaks) were treated

The importance of prioritising requirements is widely recognised. A number of different techniques for prioritising requirements have been proposed, some based on an ordinal scale, others on a ratio scale. Some measurement scales provide more information than others, i.e. the ratio scale is richer than the ordinal scale. This paper aims to investigate the differences between the scales used in pri

The book contains editions and studies of texts produced by Swedish academics active at the University of Leipzig in the fifteenth century. Academic texts from the Middle Ages are difficult to digest; the editions, translations and studies presented in this book and its companion volumes make them as accessible to the modern reader as one can possibly ask.

We report on the status of the Baltic/Wadden Sea flyway Eider population based on trends in breeding and wintering numbers throughout the region, supplemented by changes in the sex ratio and proportion of young Eiders as monitored in the Danish hunting bag. At the flyway scale, total numbers of breeding pairs decreased by 48% during 2000-2009, after relatively stable breeding numbers in 1991-2000.

1. Responses of zooplankton to nutrient enrichment and fish predation were studied in 1998 and 1999 by carrying out parallel mesocosm experiments in six lakes across Europe. 2. Zooplankton community structure, biomass and responses to nutrient and fish manipulation showed geographical and year-to-year differences. Fish had a greater influence than nutrients in regulating zooplankton biomass and es

Smoking is widely considered a risk factor for future fracture. The aim of this study was to quantify this risk on an international basis and to explore the relationship of this risk with age, sex and bone mineral density (BMD). We studied 59,232 men and women (74% female) from ten prospective cohorts comprising EVOS/EPOS, DOES, CaMos, Rochester, Sheffeld, Rotterdam, Kuopio, Hiroshima and two coho

Abstract in Spanish A pesar de que el mercado laboral sueco ha permanecido relativamente intacto durante la crisis económica en los últimos seis años, la integración de personas con capacidad laboral reducida a causa de discapacidades es significativamente menor que la de otros grupos sociales. La legislación sueca sobre discapacidad y trabajo cubre varios aspectos en medidas de integración, antidEven though the Swedish labour market has been more or less intact during the financial crisis in the past six years, persons with reduced working capacity due to disabilities are significantly less integrated in the labour market than other groups in society. Swedish legislation on disability and work provides for a number of different aspects of integrative measures, anti-discrimination and prov

Context: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are noncoding RNAs that post- transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Their altered expression and function have been observed in most urologic cancers. MiRNAs represent potential disease biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. Objective: To review and evaluate the evidence implicating miRNAs in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa), bladder cancer (BCa), and r

Sperm DNA damage is a useful biomarker for male infertility diagnosis and prediction of assisted reproduction outcomes. It is associated with reduced fertilization rates, embryo quality and pregnancy rates, and higher rates of spontaneous miscarriage and childhood diseases. This review provides a synopsis of the most recent studies from each of the authors, all of whom have major track records in

Phase 3 trials have made major contributions to advances in prostate cancer (PCa). However, funding limitations and excess bureaucracy are now making it difficult to conduct trials.

A prospective clinical cohort study was established to investigate the humoral immune response in middle ear fluids (MEF) and serum against bacterial surface proteins in children suffering from recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM) and chronic otitis media with effusion (COME), using Luminex xMAP technology. The association between the humoral immune response and the presence of Moraxella catarrhali

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are increasingly used as an investigative therapeutic product for immune disorders and degenerative disease. Typically, MSC are isolated from human tissue, expanded in culture and cryopreserved until usage. The safety and efficacy of MSC therapy will depend on the phenotypical and functional characteristics of MSC. The freeze-thawing procedure may change these chara

Background Even if atrial fibrillatory rate (AFR) has been related to clinical outcome in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), its relation with ventricular response has not been deeply studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between AFR and RR series variability in patients with AF. Methods Twenty-minute electrocardiograms in orthogonal leads were processed to extract AF

Popular Abstract in Swedish Mycken möda har under de senaste årtiondena lagts ner på forskning om försurande utsläpp och dess skadliga effekter på skogar, vattendrag och människor. Kritiska belastningsgränser, i folkmun kallat "vad naturen tål", har tagits fram och använts i europeiska förhandlingar om utsläppbegränsningar. För skogsekosystem baseras de kritiska belastningsgränserna för försurandeAcidification caused by emissions of Nitrogen and Sulphur and associated adverse effects on forest ecosystems has been an issue on the political agenda for decades. Temporal aspects of soil acidification and/or recovery can be investigated using the soil chemistry model SAFE, a dynamic version of the steady-state model PROFILE used in critical loads assessment on the national level, e.g. for Swede

Excited states in (196)AU, populated in the Pt-196(p,n) and (d,2n) reactions, were investigated by in-beam gamma -ray and conversion-electron spectroscopy. Two only weakly connected level structures, built on the 2(-) ground state (negative-parity level scheme) and on the 5(+) isomer at 84.7 keV (positive-parity level scheme), are observed. The point of main effort of the present work was the inve

We show that the undular stray light, diffusely scattered by the optical system of a synchrotron beamline, can play an important role in the formation of high-resolution resonant photoelectron (RPE) spectra. The influence of the stray light is mediated through the Stokes doubling effect, with the Lorentzian tail of the spectral function being replaced by a more complicated form. This effect is sho