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Popular Abstract in Swedish Retrovirus är en stor grupp av virus som infekterar djur och människor och kan ge upphov till olika slags sjukdomar. Hos människa finns tre olika grupper av retrovirus. Det mest kända är HIV (humant immunbrist virus) och infektion av detta leder i många fall till AIDS. Andra mänskliga retrovirus är HTLV, humant T-cells leukemi virus, och humant spumavirus. Förutom dessaEndogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are believed to be remains of germ-line infections that have become fixed in the population. They are involved in pathophysiological conditions, in mechanisms leading to infection protection, and directly in the physiology of the organism by participating in the regulation of cellular gene expression. It has been estimated that human ERVs (HERVs) make up about 0.6% o

Popular Abstract in Swedish Traditionellt har effekten av behandling inom kärlkirurgi främst utvärderats med objektiva mått, som till exempel beräkning av ankelindex och gångsträcka. Dessa data ger värdefull information men de återger inte hur patientens klarar sitt dagliga liv eller hur behandling återverkar på deras livskvalitet. Detta styrks i tidigare forskning som visar att korrelationen mellThe aim of this thesis was to assess quality of life in patients with varying degrees of lower limb ischaemia before and after revascularisation, to assess quality of life in relation to the degree of ischaemia and the respondents’ sense of coherence (SOC) and in comparison with a healthy control group, and to compare two different quality of life instruments regarding their usefulness as outcome

Popular Abstract in Swedish Hos djur är det vanligt att hannarna slåss om att få para sig med honorna, medan honorna är mer kräsna i sitt val av partner. Är det möjligt att växter gör på samma sätt? I min avhandling har jag visat hur pollen tävlar om att få befrukta de honliga fröämnena i pistillen hos styvmorsvioler (Viola tricolor). Det ligger även i honans intresse att välja en partner som prodAccording to the theory of sexual selection, traits can evolve because they confer a mating advantage in competition with members from the same sex. In animals, sexual selection is considered as an important evolutionary force. In this thesis I have investigated the potential for sexual selection in plants. I have concentrated on the phase of reproduction that occurs after pollinators have deposit

Popular Abstract in Swedish I forskningsarbetet som presenteras i denna avhandling har säkerhetskulturen studerats inom sjö- och flygtransportbranscherna med fokus på individers attityder och uppfattningar om säkerhetskulturen. En säkerhetskultur avspeglar de attityder, uppfattningar och värderingar som individer i en organisation delar när det gäller säkerheten. Säkerhetskulturen identifieras oftThe research presented in this thesis investigates sea and aviation transport safety culture, with a focus on perceptions and attitudes. A safety culture reflects the attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and values that individuals share in relation to safety. Safety culture is often identified as being essential to an organization's ability to manage safety-related aspects of its operations. The aims

Renal cell cancer (RCC) incidence varies worldwide with a higher incidence in developed countries and lifestyle is likely to contribute to the development of this disease. We examined whether meat and fish consumption were related to the risk of RCC in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). The analysis included 493,179 EPIC participants, recruited between 1992 an

Context. The ESA Gaia mission provides a unique time-domain survey for more than 1.6 billion sources with G ≲ 21 mag. Aims. We showcase stellar variability in the Galactic colour-absolute magnitude diagram (CaMD). We focus on pulsating, eruptive, and cataclysmic variables, as well as on stars that exhibit variability that is due to rotation and eclipses. Methods. We describe the locations of var

Context. Gaia Data Release 2 provides high-precision astrometry and three-band photometry for about 1.3 billion sources over the full sky. The precision, accuracy, and homogeneity of both astrometry and photometry are unprecedented. Aims. We highlight the power of the Gaia DR2 in studying many fine structures of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD). Gaia allows us to present many different HRDs,

Humans require multiple services from ecosystems, but it is largely unknown whether trade-offs between ecosystem functions prevent the realisation of high ecosystem multifunctionality across spatial scales. Here, we combined a comprehensive dataset (28 ecosystem functions measured on 209 forest plots) with a forest inventory dataset (105,316 plots) to extrapolate and map relationships between vari

The GHG-CCI project (http://www.esa-ghg-cci.org/) is one of several projects of the European Space Agency's (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI). The goal of the CCI is to generate and deliver data sets of various satellite-derived Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) in line with GCOS (Global Climate Observing System) requirements. The "ECV Greenhouse Gases" (ECV GHG) is the global distribution of

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of RNAs that is under increasing scrutiny, although their functional roles are debated. We analyzed RNA-seq data of 348 primary breast cancers and developed a method to identify circRNAs that does not rely on unmapped reads or known splice junctions. We identified 95,843 circRNAs, of which 20,441 were found recurrently. Of the circRNAs that match exon boundarie

Popular Abstract in Swedish Samarbete är ett värdeladdat ord i svenskt välfärdsarbete och inom socialt arbete förespråkas samarbete ofta som något värdefullt och nödvändigt. Idag finns det en stor, om än fragmenterad, vardagskunskap om samarbete och samverkan. Vetandet präglas dock av ett okritiskt accepterande av samarbetets fördelar, samtidigt som många verksamheter visar att resultaten av samarCo-operation is highly valued in Swedish welfare work and joint efforts within and between healthcare and welfare organizations is not new in Sweden. For decades the authorities have been trying to organize and coordinate various social and medical efforts in the public sector at a central level. This thesis is focusing on the meaning of co-operation between professionals belonging to different or

High-spin states of the neutron deficient (100)pd nucleus have been investigated via the Cr-50(Ni-58, 4p alpha) and Zn-70(S-36,6n) heavy-ion induced reactions. For the detection of evaporated particles and gamma rays the NORDBALL array equipped with ancillary detectors and the EUROGAM II detector system were utilized. By the use of in-beam spectroscopic methods 89 transitions belonging to (100)pd

Brain imaging is essential for the diagnosis and characterization of cerebral small vessel disease. Several magnetic resonance imaging markers have therefore emerged, providing new information on the diagnosis, progression, and mechanisms of small vessel disease. Yet, the reproducibility of these small vessel disease markers has received little attention despite being widely used in cross-sectiona

We investigated whether dementia risk factors were associated with prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) according to the International Working Group-2 and National Institute of Aging-Alzheimer's Association criteria, and with cognitive decline. A total of 1394 subjects with mild cognitive impairment from 14 different studies were classified according to these research criteria, based on cognitive pe

Svensk pantlagstiftning har under lång tid i princip varit oförändrad. Några för panträtten centrala bestämmelser har över tiden hjälpligt fått anpassats till mer tidsenliga förutsättningar som de ursprungliga bestämmelserna inte varit utformade att hantera. Detta gäller inte bara tillämpningen av panträttslig lagstiftning utan även de rättsliga principer som omgärdar panträtten och fyller där en Swedish law regarding pledges has more or less remained the same for a substantial period of time. Some of the central principles concerning pledges have over time needed to adapt to more modern situations that the law are not designed to handle. This does not only concern the application of the written laws but also the legal principles that surround the law on pledges where they aim to serve a c

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Sareks nationalpark är ett av Sveriges vildaste naturområden med 8 av Sveriges 12 toppar över 2000 m.ö.h., och ett hundratal toppar som sträcker sig upp över 1800 m. Sarek är dessutom den näst största av våra nationalparker; endast Padjelanta är snäppet större. En stam av Skandinaviens mest storvuxna älgar finns i den vackra Rapadalen och björn, lo, och järv levThe high plateau of Luottolako constitutes a topographical area strongly contrasting from the rugged Sarek Mountains. Older geological maps show that not only the topography, but also the bedrock is different compared to the surrounding massifs. However, the boundaries in the previously publis-hed maps indicate impossible structural models. This work presents a new structural model for the Caledon

Popular Abstract in Swedish Järn är ett metalliskt grundämne som tillhör övergångselementen i det periodiska systemet. Den kemiska beteckningen är Fe (av det latinska ordet ferrum). Järn har visat sig vara ett väldigt viktigt ämne för i princip allt liv på vår planet. Främst finns det bundet till olika proteiner i form av järnsvavelkluster och hem. Hem är en liten molekyl som finns i de allra fleFerrochelatase catalyses the synthesis of heme by inserting Fe(II) into protoporphyrin IX. The structure of ferrochelatase from yeast has been determined (2.4 Å). The structure is homodimeric with each of the monomer made up of two Rossmann type domains with an active-site cleft between them. Metal binding studies with Co(II) and Cd(II) ions reveal the metal binding residues as being the His-Glu

Popular Abstract in Swedish I vår kropp pågår ständigt interaktioner mellan olika molekyler. Det är dessa interaktioner som styr hur vi mår och vad som händer i kroppen. Många av dessa interaktioner är svaga, vilket gör att det krävs många sådana interaktioner samtidigt för att uppnå effekt. Svaga interaktioner är snabba och reversibla, vilket betyder att kroppen snabbt kan anpassa sig efter nya fAn increase in the plasma level of creatine kinase MB (CKMB) has long been used to indicate acute myocardial infarction (AMI). For optimal treatment an early diagnosis is important. An increase in the ratio between the two isoforms of CKMB is seen much earlier than an increase in the total level of CKMB. One possible method for separating these isoforms could be weak affinity chromatography (WAC).

Popular Abstract in Swedish Under de senaste årtiondena har vattenfärgen i många svenska sjöar och vattendrag ökat. Detta innebär att vattnet blir brunare, och detta fenomen benämns därför brunifiering. Brunifiering är inget unikt för Sverige, utan förekommer på åtskilliga ställen på norra halvklotet. Brunifieringen påverkar det akvatiska ekosystemet och vattnets potentiella samhällsnytta. Ur en eThe term brownification refers to the trend of increasing water color, i.e. the water becoming browner, which has been observed throughout the northern hemisphere over the last decades. Brownification has both ecological and societal implications. From an ecological point of view the impaired light climate may e.g. reduce aquatic primary production and affect predator-prey interactions within the

Glioblastoma presents a formidable clinical challenge because of its complex microenvironment. Here, we characterized tumor-associated foam cells (TAFs), a type of lipid droplet-loaded macrophage, in human glioblastoma. Through extensive analyses of patient tumors, together with in vitro and in vivo investigations, we found that TAFs exhibit distinct protumorigenic characteristics related to hypox