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Popular Abstract in Swedish Doften av blommor och mat förnimmer vi med näsan, vilken är en finurlig gassensor som även känner av mindre trevliga lukter från exempelvis rök och avgaser. Våra ögon ser färger och former hos föremål genom att detektera ljus som har reflekterats, brutits, spridits eller delvis absorberats i vår omgivning. Denna avhandling beskriver i någon mening en sorts konstgjorda Laser spectroscopic techniques for gas analysis under various influences of light scattering are explored in a wide spectral range from the ultraviolet to the infrared. The techniques rely on spectrally narrow-band light sources that are used in differential optical absorption measurements. A DIfferential Absorption Light detection and ranging (DIAL)application for the monitoring of atomic gaseou

Popular Abstract in Swedish Vi är under ständig attack från mikroorganismer som vill leva på oss och i oss. Vissa av dessa är vanligtvis nyttiga medan andra är sjukdomsframkallande. Kroppens försvar mot invaderande organismer består av många delar. Ytterst sitter huden som en mekanisk barriär, vi har slem och epitelceller i luftvägar och magtarmkanal samt skyddande ämnen i exempelvis tårvätska. I Transplantation antigens encoded in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) bind peptides and present them to T cells. We showed that mouse T cells expressing transgenic human CD8 can recognise human MHC class I. Expression on mature T cells is sufficient for activation in a mixed lymphocyte culture but expression both on thymocytes and mature T cells is necessary for peptide specific MHC restr

Background - Cardiovascular risk factors tend to aggregate. The biological and predictive value of this aggregation is questioned and genetics could shed light on this debate. Our aims were to reappraise the impact of risk factor confluence on ischemic heart disease (IHD) risk by testing whether genetic risk scores (GRSs) associated with these factors interact on an additive or multiplicative scal

The number of patients affected by Alzheimer's disease among the population is currently growing, while the availability of resources for their assistance is decreasing. A solution for this problem is provided by the use of Ambient Assisted Living technologies, with the objectives to prolong the independent living of patients at home, to relieve assistance burden on caregivers, and to improve care

Secondary aerosols formed from anthropogenic pollutants and natural emissions have substantial impacts on human health, air quality, and the Earth's climate. New particle formation (NPF) contributes up to 70% of the global production of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), but the effects of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and their oxidation products on NPF processes in forests are poorly

Treatment resistant depression (TRD) and suicidal behavior are among the most important public health problems and are commonly associated with significant disability and psychosocial impairment. Although there have been recent advances in identifying neurobiological correlates of these complex conditions, their pathophysiology still remains unclear. Although the recent advances concerning the neu

With the increased occurrence of climate extremes, there is an urgent need to better understand how management strategies affect the capacity of the soil microbial community to maintain its ecosystem functions (e.g. nutrient cycling). To address this issue, intact monoliths were extracted from conventional and ecological managed grasslands in three countries across Europe and exposed under common

BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced emesis is one of the most disturbing side effects in cancer therapy. Thus, antiemetic treatment is a mandatory adjunct in emetogenic chemotherapy.METHODS: Tropisetron (Navoban, Sandoz Pharma Ltd., Basel, Switzerland), a new 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, was compared in a randomized multicenter trial with a high-dose metoclopramide-dexamethasone cocktail for the preven

The therapeutic management of Sjögren syndrome (SjS) has not changed substantially in recent decades: treatment decisions remain challenging in clinical practice, without a specific therapeutic target beyond the relief of symptoms as the most important goal. In view of this scenario, the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) promoted and supported an international collaborative study (EULAR S

Thermosensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels detect changes in ambient temperature to regulate body temperature and temperature-dependent cellular activity. Rodent orthologs of TRP vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) are activated by nonphysiological heat exceeding 50 °C, and human TRPV2 is heat-insensitive. TRPV2 is required for phagocytic activity of macrophages which are rarely exposed to ex

Background: North Sea Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy is a rare and severe disorder caused by mutations in the GOSR2 gene. It is clinically characterized by progressive myoclonus, seizures, early-onset ataxia and areflexia. As in other progressive myoclonus epilepsies, the efficacy of antiepileptic drugs is disappointingly limited in North Sea Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy. The ketogenic diet and

The neuregulin 1 (NRG1) receptor ErbB4 is involved in the development of cortical inhibitory GABAergic circuits and NRG1-ErbB4 signaling has been implicated in schizophrenia (SCZ). A magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) study has demonstrated that a single-nucleotide polymorphism in ERBB4, rs7598440, influences human cortical GABA concentrations. Other work has highlighted the significant imp

To date, the best daylighting assessment technique is provided by climate-based simulation tools, which require remarkable efforts to create and calibrate realistic models. The data-driven approaches represent an interesting opportunity to support the physics-based modelling. This work proposes a novel method aimed at the optimization of energy use and luminous environment for a set of lighting co

Although sex and gender are recognized as major determinants of health and immunity, their role is rarely considered in clinical practice and public health. We identified six bottlenecks preventing the inclusion of sex and gender considerations from basic science to clinical practice, precision medicine and public health policies. (i) A terminology-related bottleneck, linked to the definitions of

The high pulse intensity and repetition rate of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL) provide superior temporal resolution compared with other X-ray sources. In combination with MHz X-ray microscopy techniques, it offers a unique opportunity to achieve superior contrast and spatial resolution in applications demanding high temporal resolution. In both live visualization and offline data

BACKGROUND: 4-hydroxychlorothalonil (HCT, R182281), a transformation product of the fungicide chlorothalonil, was recently identified in human serum and breast milk. There are indications that HCT may be more toxic and environmentally persistent than chlorothalonil.OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate serum concentrations of HCT in pregnant women in Sweden and Costa Rica.METHODS: We developed a q

The behavioural variant of Alzheimer’s disease (bvAD) is characterized by early predominant behavioural changes, mimicking the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), which is characterized by social cognition deficits and altered biometric responses to socioemotional cues. These functions remain understudied in bvAD. We investigated multiple social cognition components (i.e. emoti

Introduction To investigate the current experience of the ARM-Net Consortium in the management of epididymo-orchitis (EO) in patients with anorectal malformations (ARMs), and to identify specific risk factors and the need for urological care involvement. Materials and Methods We retrospectively collected data of EO in patients with ARM between 2015 and 2019. Data on urological aspects, ARM type, s

Background: While neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common in early Alzheimer’s disease (AD), they are currently underdiagnosed and undertreated in the memory clinic. Therefore, we evaluated the effectiveness of the Describe, Investigate, Create, Evaluate (DICE™) approach to structure and standardize the care for NPS in AD in the memory clinic. Method: A total of 60 community-dwelling patients w

Objective: To identify subgroups of patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-confirmed degenerative meniscus tears who may benefit from arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) in comparison with non-surgical or sham treatment. Methods: Individual participant data (IPD) from four RCTs were pooled (605 patients, mean age: 55 (SD: 7.5), 52.4% female) as to investigate the effectiveness of APM i