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The bird retina offers an excellent model to investigate the mechanisms that coordinate the morphogenesis, histogenesis, and differentiation of neuron and glial cells. Although these developmental features have been intensively studied in the chicken (Gallus gallus, Linnaeus 1758), a precocial bird species, little is known about retinogenesis in altricial birds. The purpose of this study was to ex

Microstructure imaging seeks to noninvasively measure and map microscopic tissue features by pairing mathematical modeling with tailored MRI protocols. This article reviews an emerging paradigm that has the potential to provide a more detailed assessment of tissue microstructure—combined diffusion-relaxometry imaging. Combined diffusion-relaxometry acquisitions vary multiple MR contrast encodings—

Cementbaserade material, såsom murbruk och betong, är världens mest använda byggnadsmaterial. Cement är en viktig delkomponent; det reagerar med vatten och bildar ett lim, kallad cementpasta, som får materialet att hårdna. Idag står cementproduktion för en betydande del av världens årliga koldioxidutsläpp. Genom att byta ut delar av cementet mot andra material med cement-lika egenskaper, till exemCement-based materials, such as mortar and concrete, are the most employed construction materials in the world. Cement is an important component; it reacts with water to form a glue, called cement paste, which causes the material to harden. Today, cement production accounts for a significant portion of the world’s annual carbon dioxide emissions. Replacing parts of cement with other materials that

Milk that does not coagulate after rennet addition, also called noncoagulating (NC) milk, is unwanted in cheese production due to prolonged processing time. Amounts of whey and casein proteins, genetic variants, as well as posttranslational modifications (PTM) of proteins are all contributing factors in rennet-induced coagulation of milk. In this study, we conducted a wide-ranging investigation of

Objectives: The overall aim of the Swedish Breast Reconstruction Outcome Study was to investigate national long-term outcomes after mastectomy with or without breast reconstruction. The current report evaluates breast reconstruction (BR) patterns in Sweden over time. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional, registry-based study where all women operated with mastectomy 2000, 2005, 2010 wer

We study space complexity and time-space trade-offs with a focus not on peak memory usage but on overall memory consumption throughout the computation. Such a cumulative space measure was introduced for the computational model of parallel black pebbling by [Alwen and Serbinenko 2015] as a tool for obtaining results in cryptography. We consider instead the nondeterministic black-white pebble game a

The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) has the potential to accurately map global vegetation heights and fractional cover metrics using active laser pulse emission/reception. However, large uncertainties in the derivation of data products exist, since multiple physically plausible interpretations of the data are possible. In this study a method is described and evaluated to derive vegetation

Tourmalines from the late-Variscan Arbus pluton (SW Sardinia) and its metamorphic aureole were structurally and chemically characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, electron and nuclear microprobe analysis, Mössbauer, infrared and optical absorption spectroscopy, to elucidate their origin and relationships with the magmatic evolution during the pluton cooling stages. The Arbus pluton repr

To clarify whether orthostatic blood pressure is affected by the type of diabetes, cardiac autonomic neuropathy, and the duration of diabetes, orthostatic blood pressure (passive 90°tilt) was evaluated in 102 patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), 51 patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and in 238 control subjects in a first study followed up after 8 to

We present chemical abundances for the elements carbon, sodium, and fluorine in 15 red giants of the globular cluster M4, as well as six red giants of the globular cluster ω Centauri. The chemical abundances were calculated in LTE via spectral synthesis. The spectra analyzed are high-resolution spectra obtained in the near-infrared region around 2.3 μm with the Phoenix spectrograph on the 8.1 m Ge

Early caregiving is one of the strongest influences on children's development, and among the most significant modifiable environmental factor. The aim of this study was to explore the association between quality of caregiver-infant interactions and neurodevelopment of infants living in banana-growing communities in rural Costa Rica characterized as having environmental toxic exposures. Home visits

Lipoprotein profiling of human blood by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a rapid and promising approach to monitor health and disease states in medicine and nutrition. However, lack of standardization of measurement protocols has prevented the use of NMR-based lipoprotein profiling in metastudies. In this study, a standardized NMR measurement protocol was applied in a ring test

Negation is frequently used in natural language, yet relatively little is known about its processing. More importantly, what is known regarding the neurophysiological processing of negation is mostly based on results of studies using written stimuli (the word-by-word paradigm). While the results of these studies have suggested processing costs in connection to negation (increased negativities in b

Glutathione (GSH) is an endogenous antioxidant implicated in numerous biological processes, including those associated with multiple sclerosis, aging, and cancer. Spectral editing techniques have greatly facilitated the acquisition of glutathione signal in living humans via proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, but signal quantification at 7 Tesla is still hampered by uncertainty about the gluta

Interfaces play a crucial role in determining perovskite solar cells, (PSCs) performance and stability. It is therefore of great importance to constantly work toward improving their design. This study shows the advantages of using a hole-transport material (HTM) that can anchor to the perovskite surface through halogen bonding (XB). A halo-functional HTM (PFI) is compared to a reference HTM (PF),

Background & aims: Short telomeres have been observed in chronic disease patients. Identifying environmental and lifestyle factors that could reduce telomere attrition is crucial for disease prevention. The aim of this work was to determine whether weight-loss induced by an energy-reduced Mediterranean diet (erMedDiet) and physical activity (PA) could modify telomere length (TL). Methods: In 3

The diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is not always evident as symptoms and signs may show great variation. As all grades of PAD are linked to both an increased risk for cardiovascular complications and adverse limb events, awareness of the condition and knowledge about diagnostic measures, prevention and treatment is crucial. This article presents in a condensed form information on P

BACKGROUND: Stereotypes may prevail, but little is known about the influence that the sex of an orthopaedic surgeon may have on outcomes. In a recently published study, there were no differences in the rate of adverse events following total hip arthroplasties (THAs) performed by female or male orthopaedic surgeons. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether there was any differe

UNLABELLED: Intraoperative radiographic guidance has traditionally been utilized in orthopedic surgery through 2-D navigation with the C-arm and recently with 3-D navigation with the O-arm. The aim of this study was to describe the outcome of surgical treatment of spinal osteoblastoma and osteoid osteoma with the utilization of the O-arm and conventional C-arm guidance. This is a retrospective coh