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We present a light-storage experiment in a praseodymium-doped crystal where the light is mapped onto an inhomogeneously broadened optical transition shaped into an atomic frequency comb. After absorption of the light, the optical excitation is converted into a spin-wave excitation by a control pulse. A second control pulse reads the memory (on-demand) by reconverting the spin-wave excitation to an
There is a strong genetic predisposition towards abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), but it is unknown whether persons without AAA but with first-degree relatives who are AAA patients have a generalized dilating diathesis, defect arterial wall mechanics, or increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of the study was to investigate arterial diameters and wall mechanics at multiple arterial sites in these
It is unclear how mutualistic relationships can be stable when partners disperse freely and have the possibility of forming associations with many alternative genotypes. Theory predicts that high symbiont relatedness should resolve this problem, but the mechanisms to enforce this have rarely been studied. We show that African fungus-growing termites propagate single variants of their Termitomyces
Recombinant amorpha-4,11-diene synthase from Artemisia annua, expressed in Escherichia coli, was incubated with the deuterium-labeled farnesyl diphosphates, (1R)-[1-H-2]FPP, (1S)-[1-H-2]FPP, and [1,1-H-2(2)]FPP. GC-MS analysis of amorpha-4,11-diene formed from the deuterated FPPs shows that the deuterium atoms are retained in the product. Furthermore, analysis of the MS-spectra obtained with the d
Context: Inflammation and adipogenesis are two parallel processes with increased activity in severe Graves' ophthalmopathy. Objective: The aim of this work was to define target genes for therapeutic intervention in adipogenesis and inflammation in Graves' ophthalmopathy. Design: Orbital tissue was obtained from patients with ophthalmopathy in acute or chronic phase undergoing orbital surgery to st
The aim of this study was to determine the threshold of fracture probability at which interventions become cost-effective. We modeled the effects of a treatment costing $500/year, given for 5 years, that decreased the risk of all osteoporotic fractures by 35%, followed by a waning of effect for 5 years. Sensitivity analyses included a range of effectiveness (10%-50%) and a range of intervention co
The utility of the GHOST(3) cell assay has been evaluated for testing coreceptor use of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates. GHOST(3) cells were derived from the human osteosarcoma cell line, HOS, and have been engineered to stably express CD4 and one or another of the chemokine receptors CCR3, CCR5, CXCR4, Bonzo, or the orphan receptor BOB. The Indicator cell line carries
Glucagon, secreted from pancreatic islet a cells, stimulates gluconeogenesis and liver glycogen breakdown. The mechanism regulating glucagon release is debated, and variously attributed to neuronal control, paracrine control by neighbouring beta cells, or to an intrinsic glucose sensing by the a cells themselves. We examined hormone secretion and Ca2+ responses of a and b cells within intact roden
A general methodology for noise reduction and contrast enhancement in very noisy image data with low dynamic range is presented. Video footage recorded in very dim light is especially targeted. Smoothing kernels that automatically adapt to the local spatio-temporal intensity structure in the image sequences are constructed in order to preserve and enhance fine spatial detail and prevent motion blu
Popular Abstract in Icelandic Landnám á jökulskerjum Plöntur hafa lengi verið taldar nauðsynlegar til að dýr geti numið land en þessi sýn er að breytast því rannsóknir hafa sýnt að smádýr nema oft land á undan plöntum. Landnám bæði plantna og dýra getur hafist um leið og nýtt land myndast en til að landnám takist þurfa nokkrir þættir að fara saman. Þau verða að komast á staðinn og þegar þangað erThe classical view of primary community assembly is that colonisation by plants is essential before invertebrates can establish. It has been recognised, however, that invertebrates can establish before plants, and that they may be important in the first steps of community assembly. Plant succession is well studied but assembly of invertebrates and how their dispersal abilities affect the community
The struggle for equality is fundamental to the reduction of poverty in Central America. Besides, one of the foremost goals of urban spatial planning, when implementing social policies, is to contribute to the reduction of poverty. This is done by producing a list of territorially-based actions and selecting those suitable for the implementation of social policies developed at national level. Howe
The Sheinwoodian succession of Gotland comprises the Högklint, Tofta and Hangvar Formations and most of the Slite Group. The succession consists of hierarchically ordered shallow marine depositional cycles, produced by orbitally forced climate changes. During warmer and wetter intervals (climate maxima) more carbonate was produced than during the cooler and dryer climate minima. Higher carbonate p
Popular Abstract in Swedish Syftet med denna undersökning är att diskutera inlärares signaler om hjälp att uttrycka sig på främmande språk, här franska, signaler som här kallas ?sollicitationer?. Undersökningen handlar om vilken roll dessa spelar för den fortsatta utvecklingen av samtalet med den infödde talaren, närmare bestämt för att utlösa s.k. SPA (Séquences Potentiellement Acquisitionnelles)The aim of this study is to discuss how ?soliciting? (non-native speakers? requests of native speakers for help in how to express themselves in a foreign language) may play a part in the triggering of SPAs (Séquences Potentiellement Acquisitionnelles or ?learning?teaching sequences?). The beneficial effect of SPAs for learning is still controversial, since no correlation has yet been shown between
This paper presents techniques for improving the numerical stability of Grobner basis solvers for polynomial equations. Recently Grobner basis methods have been used succesfully to solve polynomial equations arising in global optimization e.g. three view triangulation and in many important minimal cases of structure from motion. Such methods work extremely well for problems of reasonably low degre
Popular Abstract in Swedish I denna avhandling behandlas två delvis överlappande teman; inversa problem av tomografisk karaktär samt snabba och noggranna metoder för applicering av faltningsoperatorer. Inom det första temat så studeras det inversa problemet inom Dopplertomografi och för detta ändamål så introduceras Dopplermomenttransformen. Genom att undersöka egenskaperna hos denna transform såThere are two, partially interlaced, themes treated in this thesis; inverse problems of tomographic type and fast and accurate methods for the application of convolution operators. Regarding the first theme, the inverse problem of Doppler tomography is considered and the Doppler moment transform is introduced for that purpose. By investigating the properties of the transform, we prove results reg
This paper is based on the session ‘Ecosystem services: a useful concept for soil policy making?’ at the Wageningen Applied Soil Conference in September 2011. In that session it was shown from different angles that policy awareness of the dependence of humankind on ecosystem services has resulted in the development of tools for optimal allocation and quantification of ecosystem services and raisin
