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Den rådande och även allmänt kända teorin för Universums uppkomst kallas Big Bang-teorin. Big Bang tros ha inträffat för cirka 13,8 miljarder år sedan och beskriver en tid när vårt Universum befann sig i ett mycket varmt och energitätt tillstånd, som snabbt kyldes ner för att bilda de första lätta atomkärnorna bara några minuter in i sitt unga liv. Även om det tog ytterligare 100 miljoner år förPrevious studies of two-particle correlation in proton-lead (pPb) collisions at \sqrt{s} = 5.02 TeV revealed a so-called double ridge structure similar to the one observed in lead-lead (PbPb) collisions. This structure features two distinct ridges extending over the entire \deta range (long-range correlations) at \Delta\phi \approx 0 (near-side) and \Delta\phi \approx \pi (away-side). A model base

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka i vilken utsträckning cyberkrigsföring regleras av den internationella humanitära rätten. Särskild vikt läggs vid hur begreppet ”attack” i Tilläggsprotokoll I till Genèvekonventionerna ska tolkas i förhållande till cyberoperationer (en. cyber operations) som sker inom ramen för internationella väpnade konflikter, och tillämpligheten av de materiella reglerThe aim of this paper is to examine how cyber operations that are undertaken in the context of international armed conflicts are regulated in international humanitarian law. It will focus on the qualification of cyber operations as ‘attacks’ and the applicability of the substantive rules that restrict the conduct of hostilities under the Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions. In particul

Jakten på fisken i Ringsjön Många vill veta var i sjön fisken finns när man ska fiska och nu finns det en teori som berättar hur fisken sprider ut sig i en sjö. Fiskar sprider ut sig så att områden med mer resurser har fler individer jämfört med delar med mindre resurser. Detta gör att det finns mer individer som konkurrerar om mat i resursrika områden medan i områden där det är svårare att hittaMovements occur among many different organisms and a suggested theory about the pattern of these movements is called the Ideal free distribution. It states that individuals in a complex area with different quality of the habitats will distribute themselves proportionally after resources in the different habitats, so that they can maximize their fitness. Lake Ringsjön is a complex lake, which consi

Nowadays, many evacuation models exist in the market, and new models are continuously released with new features. How to assess the usability and reliability of model results becomes an issue for both developers and users. Therefore, verification and validation (V&V) protocols were introduced in the assessment process of evacuation models. To conduct V&V of a model, a widely accepted test

Connecting science to political agenda-setting is essential for a sustainable transition and acceptable politics. This task is complicated by phenomena like post-truth, for which facts are a non-issue. However, post-truth is not the only issue. The practice of political spin, in which the significance of facts is reconstructed according to specific interests poses another threat to scientific cred

Fokus på plast i mark och jord: mikroplasters effekt på organismer i jord undersökt med ny teknologi inom jordekologi frågor. De enorma plastutsläppen till naturen är idag ett välkänt problem. Det är också välkänt att plast bryts ner till mindre partiklar med andra effekter, så kallade mikro- och nanoplaster. Allmänheten har visat stort intresse kring plastproblematiken i haven och mycket forskniThis study aims to investigate if micro- and nanoparticles of polystyrene affect microorganisms in soil. This was tested by using microfluidic chips, which are new for investigation of soil ecology questions, providing artificial channels reflecting soil conditions as well as being transparent for seeing real-time interactions. Eight microfluidic chips were made; four were filled with a micro- and

In the construction of high-speed railways, an important starting point is to make as little Intrusion on land as possible, therefore it is of high importance to carefully investigate which construction alternatives are the most advantageous. The purpose of this work is to compare and evaluate land use and building on viaduct. The work will be based on literature and interview studies. Sections of

Transgender persons experience a disproportionate representation in adverse mental health conditions globally. In Sweden there are tangible efforts to improving mental healthcare overall, but as a minority population, transgender persons still struggle with meeting their mental healthcare needs. While social factors such as stigma and discrimination act as catalysts for this burden, there is an ab

Previous studies clarified that the electron enriched NADH and NADPH by RBC glycolysis could be used in an extracellular chemical reaction, where electron energies are extracted by an electron mediator methylene blue (MB). The reduced form of MB permeates the phospholipid bilayer of liposomes and reduce encapsulated ferric methemoglobin (metHb) to ferrous hemoglobin. Moreover, in vitro screening s

Koncernbidraget är ett verktyg som ofta används av bolag för att kunna erhålla kontanter till bl.a. investeringar tack vare de skattelättnader som bidraget skapar. Systemet med koncernbidrag är uppbyggt genom en strukturbildning av bolagsformen koncern som förgrenas ut i form av olika dotterbolag. Nyligen kom ett avgörande från Högsta förvaltningsdomstolen om just koncernbidrag och under vilka forThe Group contribution is a tool, often used by companies to achieve more money in order to invest and ease up the tax burden. The system is to build a concern with subsidiary companies and then make transfers to each subsidiary.This is not a problem in most cases, but would it be achievable to use this method in all tax related situations? When restructuring has been executed in a concern, it’s n

Lipases are the main fat digestive enzymes present in the digestive system of many animals, microorganisms and plants. Probiotic microorganisms that can possibly produce enzymes are of crucial importance since it can have an effect on human health. Two of the main probiotic strains are Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Biffidobacterium longum, in each there was a putative lipase encoded on the DNA and t

Det primära syftet med studien var att bidra med kunskap om hur kulturstyrning arbetas med och upplevs av organisationsmedlemmar på en offentlig organisation. Ytterligare ett syfte var att genom det kritiska perspektivet som teoretisk lins i analysen också synliggöra vilka underliggande maktmekanismer som föreligger i organisationsmedlemmarnas meningsskapande av kulturen. För att besvara studiens The primary purpose of the study was to contribute with knowledge about how culture management is realized in a public organization and further how it is experienced by its organization members. Another purpose was to make visible, through the critical perspective as a theoretical lens in the analysis, what underlying power mechanisms exists in the organization members' sensemaking processes a

Ryggmärgsvätskan, eller cerebrospinalvätskan, är en klar, plasmaliknande vätska som fyller ventriklarna (hålrum i hjärnan) och rummen innanför kraniet och ryggraden. Ryggmärgsvätskan hjälper till att upprätthålla immunförsvaret och balansen av viktiga ämnen. Det agerar även som transportsystem för slaggprodukter ut ur det centrala nervsystemet för lösa ämnen som inte kan passera genom blod-hjärnbaBackground The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is involved in several diseases and patho- physiological states, such as Alzheimer’s disease and hydrocephalus. Previous studies CSF dynamics in the brain show that the flow of the CSF depends on cardiac pulsation, time of day and respiration. Methods In this thesis, the validity of using real time phase contrast MRI in order to study CSF flow is evaluated

Syftet med detta arbete är att söka klarhet i hur förekomsten av brottsprovokation ska hanteras i de nationella domstolarna för att inte kränka art. 6 EKMR, som ska tillförsäkra den enskilde rätten till en rättvis rättegång. Uppsatsen är baserad på de aspekter som lyfts fram i doktrin och en rättsfallsanalys som har sin utgångspunkt i avgörandet Teixeira de Castro mot Portugal. Där slog Europadoms

The conflict mineral crisis has been ongoing in the DRC for nearly two decades, with armed groups and increased military presence have played on the tin, tantalum, tungsten and gold to fund a brutal war across the eastern region of the country. Recent international efforts to tackle such illicit trade in conflict minerals has focused on requiring relevant stakeholders involved in the mineral sourc

Annually laminated (varved) sediments provide opportunities to reconstruct climate change and human impact on the environment with high temporal resolution. Depending on the character of the varves, such sediments can provide insight into the delivery of both autochthonous and allochthonous material from the lake and its catch- ment and answer questions regarding both regional and local responses

This study aims to increase the understanding of how an organisation applies crisis communi- cation strategies on social media, how users respond to these crisis communication messages, and what the nature of the interaction between the organisation and users is. Three research questions were developed, which consisted of 1) what crisis communication strategies and tac- tics Boeing uses on Faceboo