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In the present paper an iterative time-reversal algorithm, that retrofocuses an acoustic wave field to its controllable part is established. For a fixed temporal support, i.e., transducer excitation time, the algorithm generates an optimal retrofocusing in the least-squares sense. Thus the iterative time-reversal algorithm reduces the temporal support of the excitation from the requirement of neglig

The user services assistant (USA) is a novel reactive QoS agent that provides facilities for managing user to user QoS in Internet environments. By being reactive, it overcomes the problems associated with QoS management schemes that have been proposed to date, such as the mapping of the QoS parameters to end system parameters, and pre-determining the optimum way of degrading/upgrading the QoS. Ho

Popular Abstract in Swedish Framgångsrik strålbehandling av cancerpatienter kräver att man kan bestämma den absorberade dosen i patienten med stor noggrannhet. Bara några enstaka procents avvikelse i absorberad dos kan ha betydelse för det kliniska resultatet avseende både tumörutläkning och normalvävnadsreaktioner. För att beräkna den absorberade dosen i patienten används sofistikerade datorprogThe accuracy of dose calculations for various aspects of a treatment planning system (TPS) using an energy fluence beam modelling has been evaluated. The investigated TPS uses a beam model, which separates the energy fluence into a number of sources in the treatment head. The energy fluence components are transported towards the patient and, together with the scatter generated in the patient, yiel

BMP receptors determine the intensity of BMP signals via Smad1 C-terminal phosphorylations. Here we show that a finely controlled cell biological pathway terminates this activity. The duration of the activated pSmad1Cter signal was regulated by sequential Smad1 linker region phosphorylations at conserved MAPK and GSK3 sites required for its polyubiquitinylation and transport to the centrosome. Pro

Background: Global climate change is already increasing the average temperature and direct heat exposure in many places around the world. Objectives: To assess the potential impact on occupational health and work capacity for people exposed at work to increasing heat due to climate change. Design: A brief review of basic thermal physiology mechanisms, occupational heat exposure guidelines and heat

In the beam dynamics design and modelling of the Eu- ropean Spallation Source (ESS) Drift Tube Linac (DTL) simplified models have been used for the focusing and ac- celerating elements. Since the high current requires precise control of the beam to analyze the losses it is useful to per- form the beam dynamics simulations by using accurate field maps of the focusing and accelerating elements. In t

The accelerator of the European Spallation Source (ESS) will deliver 62.5 mA proton beam of 2.0 GeV onto the target, offering an unprecedented beam power of 5 MW. Since the technical design report (TDR) was published in 2013, work has continued to further optimise the accelerator design. We report on the advancements in lattice design optimisations after the TDR to improve performance and flexibil

This master thesis investigates how a manufacturing company develops and implements packaging solutions for sustainable development, using ASSA ABLOY as a case study. Focusing on the sliding door operator produced at a manufacturing plant in Eastern Europe, the study explores the environmental and economic impacts of packaging throughout its life cycle and the internal packaging innovation process

Climate change, shifting travel patterns, and the growing popularity of Arctic destinations have driven a rapid increase in tourism in Longyearbyen, Svalbard, over the past few decades. Simultaneously, Longyearbyen is at the end of a transition from a coal-mining community toward a tourism-focused town. While previous research on Svalbard has largely focused on environmental sustainability and gov

Infrastructure barriers and high costs of alternative sustainable fuels constrain the global logistics sector's transition to decarbonization. This research investigates how logistics providers establish institutional trust in the 'Book and Claim' service, where the environmental benefits of sustainable fuels are spatially decoupled from the physical transport of goods. Because corpora

The construction industry faces many challenges, among which sustainability has become a prominent global goal to assess. In a European context, environmental certifications such as the Nordic Swan Ecolabel are a key incentive for addressing sustainability challenges and aim to reach the 2030 goals (UNFCCC, 2015). However, these incentives and considerations must be integrated with the requirement

This article studies local enactments of “smart” in and through visions of six smart district development projects. We show that smart cities’ framings of the future are inevitably diverse, emerging from local assemblages consisting of a wide array of heterogeneous elements that translate global imaginaries of the smart city to meet local specificities, needs and agendas. We demonstrate that visio

Contemporary Nordic building design prioritizes energy-efficient HVAC systems to mitigate carbon emissions. However, this approach underestimates intensifying climate risks, creating critical vulnerabilities as extreme weather and energy/resource scarcity escalate. To address this gap, a free-running building concept, eliminating heating, cooling, and mechanical ventilation, was examined for Nordi

Considering the ever increasing financial damages of floods and the need to manage the surface water, the use of new and more sufficient methods seems to be necessary. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate capability of the Gamma, Beta, Chi-square, and Weibull probability distribution functions (PDFs) for flood hydrograph derivation. The present study was conducted in the Bar watershed,