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Black carbon is an ever-growing global problem and one of the most important environmental issues of this generation. Black carbon, also known as soot, is a highly polluting substance and it is the second-largest polluter after carbon dioxide. BC consists of pure carbon in various forms and is produced by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuels, and biomass. It is transported by air mo
Recent advances have extended the scope of Bayesian optimization (BO) to expensive-to-evaluate black-box functions with dozens of dimensions, aspiring to unlock impactful applications, for example, in the life sciences, neural architecture search, and robotics. However, a closer examination reveals that the state-of-the-art methods for high-dimensional Bayesian optimization (HDBO) suffer from degr
Impactful applications such as materials discovery, hardware design, neural architecture search, or portfolio optimization require optimizing high-dimensional black-box functions with mixed and combinatorial input spaces. While Bayesian optimization has recently made significant progress in solving such problems, an in-depth analysis reveals that the current state-of-the-art methods are not reliab
A well-balanced exploration-exploitation trade-off is crucial for successful acquisition functions in Bayesian optimization. However, there is a lack of quantitative measures for exploration, making it difficult to analyze and compare different acquisition functions. This work introduces two novel approaches - observation traveling salesman distance and observation entropy - to quantify the explor
Purpose: Medical linear accelerators that operate above 10 MeV produce neutrons by photonuclear reactions which present a potential radiation hazard to the personnel. The purpose of this study was to estimate neutron dose contributions to the personnel working with external radiotherapy at Malmö University Hospital (UMAS), compare different kind of neutron detectors/dosimeters, and evaluate how to
The limited liability company is a cornerstone within a functional modern economy. Its popularity can be deducted from the limited financial risk that the shareholder takes, since only start-up capital and other contributed funds, as a general rule, can be lost. As a consequence, shareholders are not forced by law to answer personally for the obligations of the company. In order to remedy the exce
Privata skadeståndsprocesser, där den part som lidit skada av ett konkurrensbrott kräver kompensation från skadevållaren, har än så länge inte haft en framträdande roll i EU. Enbart 25 % av kommissionens kartellbeslut följdes upp med privata processer mellan 2008 och 2012, och av dessa skedde merparten i Storbritannien, Nederländerna och Tyskland. Som ett svar på detta föreslog kommissionen ett nyPrivate enforcement, where victims of a competition infringement claim compensation from the infringer, has so far not played a prominent role within the EU. It has been stated that only 25 % of the Commission’s antitrust decision were followed by private damages action between 2008 and 2012. Furthermore, the major part of these claims was filed in the UK, the Netherlands and Germany. As a respons
The organized crime is often very hard to investigate. A possible solution could be a system with crown witnesses, where a defendant may get a mitigation of the sentence if the person reveals violations of other criminals. In Denmark, a system like that exists since the precedent U. 1998.1317 H and is prescribed by law since 2004. In Sweden the system has been systematically rejected but in prec
Malaria is a disease that is transmitted by mosquitoes; it has been transmitedaffecting humanity for more than 10.000 years, it affects between 700 000 and 2.7million people per year and it can be deadly, therefore there is a large and increasinginterest in developing a cure against it. Quinine, the first antimalarial, was isolated from the chinchona tree in 1632. Thiscompound was widely used in
The purpose of this paper is to examine different explanations for the use of leuteration and arbitration by the Svea and Göta Court of Appeal, between 1614 and 1680. The process of leuteration and arbitration has been examined through the historical context of the time, and the comprehension of the sources of law. The Svea Court of Appeal was established by the 1614 Ordinance of Judicial Proced
Det nuvarande substantiella testet i EUs regim för koncentrationskontroll infördes år 2004 i syfte att täcka koncentrationer mellan företag som påtagligt skulle hämma den effektiva konkurrensen på marknaden utan att skapa eller förstärka en dominant position. Koncentrationer som ger upphov till sådana så kallade icke-samordnade effekter uppkommer typiskt sett på oligopolmarknader, varför den uppleThe existing substantive test in EU merger control was adopted in 2004 with the aim of covering concentrations between undertakings which would significantly impede effective competition in the market without creating or strengthening a dominant position. Concentrations giving rise to such so- called unilateral effects typically take place in oligopolistic markets, which is why the perceived gap i
Syftet med uppsatsen har varit att undersöka i vilken utsträckning unga personer som utsätts för våld av en partner med vilken de varken är gifta eller sambo omfattas av närståenderekvisitet i brottet grov fridskränkning och att analysera hur ungas utsatthet vid våld i ungas partnerrelationer bedöms vid tillämpningen av detta brott. Med utgångspunkt i förarbeten och prejudikat från Högsta domstoleThe purpose of this thesis has been to investigate to what extent young people who are subjected to violence by a partner whom they neither are married to nor cohabiting with, are considered to have a close relationship to the perpetrator according to the offence of gross violation of integrity, and to analyze how the vulnerability of young people in violent youth relationships is being assessed i
Uppsatsen gör avstamp i att utreda konkurrensrättens syften, hur vertikala prisbindningar regleras och vad konsekvenserna av att tillämpa en vertikal prisbindning innebär. För en samtidsrelevant förankring skapas en kartläggande rättsdogmatisk situation utifrån en av Sveriges största dagligvaruföretags prissänkningskampanjer. I förhållande till deras höga marknadsandelar skulle en slagkraftigare pThe thesis begins by investigating the purposes behind competition law, how vertical price restraints are regulated, and the consequences of applying a vertical price restraint. For a contemporary contextualization, a mapping of the legal dogmatic situation is created based on one of Sweden's largest grocery retailers' price reduction campaigns. Considering their high market shares a more
Preparation for radiotherapy is a complex procedure that involves many different technologies and groups of professionals. The rapid development and introduction of new technologies throughout the last decade have made it possible to deliver highly conformal, individually-shaped dose distributions with high accuracy. However, there is widespread concern that current quality assurance practices hav
The aim of this thesis is to contribute to our understanding of health care utilisation and its determinants in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. This is done by explicitly focusing on health care expenditures and its determinants as well as the choice to seek health care to cure the illness. Firstly, the focus is on a household’s expenditures for health care. The aim of this
All countries in the European Union must now have laws in place governing web accessibility. In Sweden we have the law on accessibility to digital public service. This law means that the websites of all public bodies must fulfil the legislative requirements governing accessibility from 23 September 2020. The purpose of the law is to increase digital accessibility for all users, including people wi
This paper valuates two different financial contracts, the European Call and the Spread option using the Fourier transform. In the European Call case the underlying asset is modelled by the geometric Brownian motion stochastic differential equation. All necessary conditions in order for the transform to exists are examined and it turns out that the payoff needs to be scaled by an exponential facto
The soot emissions from diesel engines are much higher in transient operation than during steady state operation. In this thesis, a method for estimating the soot mass flow emission in transient drive cycles is presented. The proposed method uses stationary emission maps in combination with step responses. Bandpass filters are used to filter the engine torque/power to provide transient detection a
Den amerikanska staden Phoenix ligger omgiven av berg i Sun Valley, Arizona. Klimatet är varmt och glest utspridda kaktusar står som eldgafflar mot skyn. Tänk på en typisk Vilda Västern-film så får du en förnimmelse av vad som kännetecknar Phoenix omgivningar. Trots ökenlika förhållanden bor där idag 1,3 miljoner invånare. Befolkningstillväxten tog fart på allvar luftkonditioneringen introducerade
Syllabus SKÅB31 Artistic Methods for Site-specific Participant-based Performing Arts This is a translation of the syllabus which was established in Swedish. STYR 2023/2830 Faculty of Fine and Performing Arts SKÅB31, Artistic Methods for Site-specific Participant-based Performing Arts, 7.5 credits Konstnärliga metoder för platsspecifik deltagarbaserad scenkonst, 7,5 högskolepoäng First Cycle / Grun
https://www.thm.lu.se/sites/thm.lu.se/files/2024-02/Artistic_Methods.pdf - 2026-05-03
