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Objectives: Genome-wide association studies have revealed over 200 genetic susceptibility loci for prostate cancer (PCa). By combining them, polygenic risk scores (PRS) can be generated to predict risk of PCa. We summarize the published evidence and conduct meta-analyses of PRS as a predictor of PCa risk in Caucasian men. Patients and methods: Data were extracted from 59 studies, with 16 studies i

The growing number of disease-specific patient registries for rare diseases has highlighted the need for registry interoperability and data linkage, leading to large-scale rare disease data integration projects using Semantic Web based solutions. These technologies may be difficult to grasp for rare disease experts, leading to limited involvement by domain expertise in the data integration process

Primary and secondary bile acids (BAs) influence metabolism and inflammation, and the gut microbiome modulates levels of BAs. We systematically explore the host genetic, gut microbial, and habitual dietary contribution to a panel of 19 serum and 15 stool BAs in two population-based cohorts (TwinsUK, n = 2,382; ZOE PREDICT-1, n = 327) and assess changes post-bariatric surgery and after nutritional

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain blood through self-renewal and differentiation. Although HSC transplantation is the only cure for various blood disorders, generating and maintaining HSCs in vitro remains challenging, partly due to a limited understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying human HSC ontogeny. In embryos, definitive HSCs arise from hemogenic endothelium via

Recent work showing a strong quality improvement of the Si/SiO2 material system by low temperature atomic hydrogen annealing (AHA), and the fact that III-V semiconductors outperform Si in many applications makes the investigation of AHA on III-V/high-k interfaces to a very interesting topic. In this work, the potential of AHA as a low temperature annealing treatment of InGaAs metal-oxide-semicondu

We investigate hot carrier (HC) cooling in two-dimensional (2D) perovskite single crystals by applying two complementary ultrafast spectroscopy techniques - transient absorption (TA) and time-resolved two-photon photoemission (TR-2PPE) spectroscopies. TR-2PPE directly maps the hot electron distribution and its dynamics in the conduction band to the detected photoelectron distribution. While TR-2PP

Passivation behavior of a N- and V-containing martensite stainless steel was studied by synchrotron-based near ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical analyses, and thermodynamic calculation. The passive film consists of Cr3+, Fe(2, 3)+, and V(2, 3, 4)+ oxides as inner layer, and Cr3+ and Fe3+ hydroxides as outer layer. Austenitization at 1080 oC (rather than 1010 oC) an

Stroke represents a considerable burden of disease for both men and women. However, a growing body of literature suggests clinically relevant sex differences in the underlying causes, presentations and outcomes of acute ischaemic stroke. In a recent study, we reported sex divergences in lesion topographies: specific to women, acute stroke severity was linked to lesions in the left-hemispheric post

To investigate aging effect on the passive film of Ni23Cr15Mo and Ni22Cr9Mo3Nb, synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the structure and composition of the air-formed passive film on the alloys. The corrosion resistance of the two Ni alloys in 1 M NaCl solution was evaluated with electrochemical cyclic polarization measurement. The synchrotron XPS measurement

OBJECTIVE: This longitudinal study examines a possible causal effect between type 2 diabetes and ischemic heart disease (IHD) by using measurements on four occasions from the Swedish Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) together with nationwide healthcare registers.METHODS: This was a longitudinal study based on a random sample of men and women (n = 2014) from the Swedish population w

The surface reactivity during CO oxidation over Pd(1 1 1) and Pd75%Ag25%(1 1 1) single crystals has been investigated using near ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) under excess oxygen conditions (p ≈ 2 mbar, O2:CO=10). The (√6×√6) Pd5O4 surface oxide is present on Pd(1 1 1) when the surface is highly active under the applied conditions. The CO2 formation profile follows a

The specific viscoelastic mechanical properties of Achilles tendons are highly dependent on the structural characteristics of collagen at and between all hierarchical levels. Research has been conducted on the deformation mechanisms of positional tendons and single fibrils, but knowledge about the coupling between the whole tendon and nanoscale deformation mechanisms of more commonly injured energ

Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy combined with an electrochemical setup is used to study, in situ, the electrochemical oxide growth on an industrial Ni-Cr-Mo alloy. The native oxide film was characterized in vacuum and in water vapor at 17 mbar, and was found to be 11.4 Å thick and rich in Cr3+. In 0.1 M NaCl electrolyte, anodic growth of the oxide film at potentials up to 700 mV

The transition from terrestrial to marine environments by secondarily aquatic tetrapods necessitates a suite of adaptive changes associated with life in the sea, e.g., the scaleless skin in adult individuals of the extant leatherback turtle. A partial, yet exceptionally preserved hard-shelled (Pan-Cheloniidae) sea turtle with extensive soft-tissue remains, including epidermal scutes and a virtuall

Background: Hyperuricemia (HU) is in the causal pathway for developing clinical gout. There are few population-based assessments of the absolute and relative risk of clinically diagnosed incident gout in subjects with HU. We aimed to explore the long-term risk of developing incident gout among asymptomatic adults with different levels of serum urate (SU). Methods: Malmö Preventive Project was a po

Human neurodegenerative disorders affect specific types of cortical neurons. Efficient protocols for the generation of such neurons for cell replacement, disease modeling and drug screening are highly warranted. Current methods for the production of cortical neurons from human embryonic stem (ES) cells are often time-consuming and inefficient, and the functional properties of the generated cells h

Background: Excessive smartphone use is a new and debated phenomenon frequently mentioned in the context of behavioral addiction, showing both shared and distinct traits when compared to pathological gaming and gambling. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe excessive smartphone use and associated factors among adolescents, focusing on comparisons between boys and girls. Methods: This st

Aims/hypothesis: Sleep, diet and exercise are fundamental to metabolic homeostasis. In this secondary analysis of a repeated measures, nutritional intervention study, we tested whether an individual’s sleep quality, duration and timing impact glycaemic response to a breakfast meal the following morning. Methods: Healthy adults’ data (N = 953 [41% twins]) were analysed from the PREDICT dietary inte

OBJECTIVE: To identify and characterize genetic loci associated with the risk of developing anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV).METHODS: Genetic association analyses were performed after Illumina sequencing of 1,853 genes and subsequent replication with genotyping of selected SNPs in a total cohort of 1110 Scandinavian cases with granulomatosis with polyangiit